The early church fathers outside of the ones in the New Testament, or writers if you prefer, are representative of the kind of teachings that were being taught in their period.
Conditional immortality (or annihilationism) was taught by Ignatius of Antioch, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Clement, Hermas, Polycarp, and others. They taught that the unrepentant wicked are destroyed forever as if by fire, but did not teach there is an immortal soul that would be tortured in fire for eternity.
Based on my research, the idea of hell being a place of eternal torment didn’t come around until the 2nd century /!; was introduced because of Plato’s philosophy of an immortal soul this introducing the possibility of eternal torment.
Jesus didn’t teach eternal torment nor did any of the apostles. The Bible doesn’t say the soul is immortal.
there is scripture to support both ideas
if one perceives this
“And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand, the same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: and the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name.”
Revelation 14:9
that’s going to support and shape thinking about the subject which the. You add this
“When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory: Then shall
the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world:
Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand,
Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels:
And
these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.”
Matthew 25:31, 34, 41, 46
See it’s a matter of what we’ve heard in scripture that determines what the Bible teaches some people see it like the punishment is everlasting the torment goes on they never find rest
“he
shall be tormented with fire and brimstone
in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: and
the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and
they have no rest day nor night,”
to say “ the Bible doesn’t teach it “ should be said “ I myself don’t perceive the Bible to say it “ but honestly there are several verses that can support your view and others who believe the opposite
it’s a matter of how we hear the verses
We can say “ it says thy y have no rest for one day and one night “ but that’s not what it says . And we can say “ it says they have no rest eternally for all days and nights “ but that’s not what it says
two people can read the same verses d they are actually perceiving what it says differently. Verses like that one from revelation are there and like Matthew 25 that’s there it’s a matter of how the scriptire shapes our thinking about a given subject
we know for sure this part
“And
the devil that deceived them was cast into the
lake of fire and brimstone, where the
beast and the false prophet are, and
shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.”
Revelation 20:10 KJV
So we know that Satan and his servants are going to be tormented forever me ever in the lake of fire
the only question is do the people cast in with him cease to exist ? Or do they inherit his lot of eternal torment ?
it never really says to be honest but there’s a lot of verses to suggest either they are finally eventually destroyed and also they never cease or find rest day or night
it says this of Satan and his minions
the devil that deceived them was cast into the
lake of fire and brimstone, where the
beast and the false prophet are, and
shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.”
And says this of the people who serve him
“And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If
any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand,
the same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: and the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name.”
Revelation 14:9-11 KJV
there’s scriptural support leading both ways I just don’t think any of us actually know for sure but we all have strong ideas based on scripture