Referencing Paul's material on the first Adam, etc. is a good approach. We can interpret "death" to be in reference to spiritual death. But, there is nothing that excludes the possibility of interpretting Gen 2:17 as a literal physical death irrespective of Paul's dialogue.
And we could take an extra leap and check to see if Paul's dialogue could also be interpretted as an explicit reference to physical death while symbolically inferring a correlated spiritual death. Paul emphasizes the importance of the literal physical resurrection and the truth that all men are appointed to die once.
With that in mind, we are still left with a puzzle in Gen 2:17, where multiple possible intepretations exist even if our first impression leads us to prefer one interpretation over the others. How should we address differences in interpretation preferences between fellow believers?
Logic and reason are a necessary component to understanding, hence the law of the new covenant is written on heart and mind. The Holy Spirit also works through logic and reason.
Logic and reason in their purest form cannot contradict the truth.