Re: "Spiritual Death" - or Gen2 death:
Firstly, as some have noted, the language in Gen2:17 seems to present 2 deaths. This is interpretational. Others assert that the language is simply
emphasizing death as some translations have concluded. The grammar is not unusual in the Scriptures Gen20:7; Gen26:11; 1Kings2:37; Jer26:8.
It's been a long time, and the following took a bit of work.
It should be double-checked, but this is the basics of how these 3 systems view
death in Gen2:17, which is really the main focus here
. And they are not the only three systems and views.
This is going to affect nearly every concept of non-physical death thereafter in Scripture. If we don't see death the same, I've no clue how we see fallen human volition and other faculties the same and then the action of God's Saving Grace the same. In addition, we don't even see the original structure of man the same way (Dichot vs. Trichot).
What's the point of all of this haggling?
We're not even speaking the same language even if we use the same words and phrases. If we redeemed the rest of our days defining words maybe we'd get somewhere. I may go back to doing just that.
Calvin’s Dichotomous View of Humanity and Spiritual Death
- Humans are structurally Dichotomous = body and soul/spirit.
- The soul/spirit includes all immaterial faculties — thought, will, conscience, and spiritual capacity.
- Genesis 2 Death
- Relational Death — separation from God due to sin, resulting in total depravity* and enslavement to sin of the soul/spirit and all immaterial faculties.
- Physical Death — the eventual separation of body and soul/spirit as a consequence of sin.
- Salvation
- The Spirit regenerates the soul/spirit of God's Elect
- God’s Elect then understand and believe the Gospel
- Regeneration precedes Faith
Arminius’s Dichotomous View of Humanity and Spiritual Death
- Humans are structurally Dichotomous = body and soul/spirit.
- The soul/spirit includes all immaterial faculties — thought, will, conscience, and spiritual capacity.
- Genesis 2 Death
- Relational Death — separation from God due to sin, resulting in relational incapacity and disordered volitional resistance across the soul/spirit’s faculties.
- Physical Death — the eventual separation of body and soul/spirit as a consequence of sin.
- Salvation
- The Spirit initiates prevenient grace, progressively enabling the soul/spirit to willfully respond
- Individuals understand and choose to believe the Gospel through prevenient grace-enabled volition
- Faith precedes regeneration
Thieme’s Trichotomous/Dichotomous View of Humanity and Spiritual Death
- Humans at creation were Trichotomous = body and soul and spirit.
- The soul includes all immaterial faculties — mentality, volition, conscience, and self-consciousness.
- Genesis 2 Death:
- Death of the Human Spirit — Fallen man is Dichotomous = body and soul, separation from God, resulting in total depravity* and inability to fully perceive divine truth.
- Physical Death — the eventual separation of body and soul as a consequence of Adam’s original sin.
- Salvation:
- The Holy Spirit temporarily takes the place of the non-existent human spirit so man can perceive the Gospel as Divine Truth
- Man chooses to believe or reject the Gospel
- Faith precedes regeneration
*Total Depravity
Calvin:
Depravity and Inability are absolute until sovereign grace intervenes. The Spirit regenerates the elect, enabling faith.
Arminius:
The will is bound by depravity. Inability is real but reversible. Prevenient grace internally enables the will to respond. Regeneration follows faith, but grace precedes and empowers it.
Thieme:
The soul retains volitional capacity even in spiritual death. The Holy Spirit makes the gospel clear, allowing the unbeliever to choose faith. Regeneration follows belief.