I am pretty sure that the bible states at that time, and this is once again a temporal statement that Calvinists like to give universal application.
The Protestant church was uniform in its belief that man after the Fall is in the image of the devil and can only have the image of God restored by grace in Christ as seen from quotes from the 16th century confessions below but I suppose you think they were all deceived and got it completely wrong?
1549 Valdes’s Cathechism
by the disobedience of Adam, he lost the image and likeness of God, and was banished from the earthly paradise. Through the obedience of Christ, he should strive to recover the image and likeness of God
1550 Magdeburg Confession
And since our first parents were now this way after their sin, they did not afterwards beget anyone else than those similar to themselves, in their own image, not in the image of God.
1551 Large Emden Catechism of the Strangers’ Church, London
Indisputably, the image and likeness of God, in which man was created in the beginning, along with all inclinations for good, was lost in him.
1560 Lattanzio Ragnoni’s Formulario
so he fell into utter misery and tragedy, and as for his soul and body (Job 14:1–2), he lost God’s image and was filled with darkness and ignorance
1560 The Scottish Confession
By which transgression, commonly called original sin, was the image of God utterly defaced in man.
1560/61 The Confession of the Spanish Congregation of London
at the same time was marred from the image of God, and all the benefits that make him like God. And from the state of being wise, good, just, truthful, merciful, and holy he was rendered ignorant, evil, impious, a liar, and cruel, clothed in the image and likeness of the devil
1562 Larger Catechism of Zacharias Ursinus
1. Q. What firm comfort do you have in life and in death?
A. That I was created by God in his image for eternal life; and after I willfully lost this in Adam, God, out of infinite and free mercy, took me into his covenant of grace that he might give me by faith, righteousness and eternal life because of the obedience and death of his Son who was sent in the flesh. And that he sealed his covenant in my heart by his Spirit, who renews me in the image of God and cries out in me, “Abba,” Father, by his Word and the visible signs of this covenant.
12. Q. What is this image?
A. A true knowledge of God and the divine will and the inclination and desire of the whole man to live according to God’s will alone.
19. Q. Why are we unable to fulfill it?
A. Because we lost the image of God.
1562 The Hungarian Confessio Catholica
condemned to eternal death on account of sin—as we have all lost the image of God
And if man was to be regenerated, i.e., to be put to death and made alive, everything had to be made new; man had to possess a new heart, a new spirit; to be stripped and rid of the image of Satan, the devil
1567 Documents of the Debrecen Synod
However, grace was satisfied in three ways. First, since the image of God was lost by Adam, it was restored through the image of the infinite God,
by sin have lost the image of God and are deprived of free will and the ability to know, desire and do good
1568 The Synod at Szikszó
because the image of God was lost through sin
1570 The Confession of the Synod of Csenger
and restore the lost image of God
1577 Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord
That original sin (in human nature) is not only this entire absence of all good in spiritual, divine things, but that, instead of the lost image of God in man, it is at the same time also a deep, wicked, horrible, fathomless, inscrutable, and unspeakable corruption of the entire nature and all its powers
1578 The Nassau (Dillenburger Synod) Confession
just as God initially created and formed man in His image and likeness, so Satan has, as respects substance, imprinted, planted, and formed his very image and likeness in man after the fall of Adam.
1581 Craig’s Catechism
Q. What things did they lose through their fall? (Gen. 3:17)
A. The favor and image of God, with the use of the creatures.
Q. What succeeded the loss of the favor and image of God? (Gen. 3:14)
A. The wrath of God and original sin.
Q. In what did their salvation stand?
A. In the remission of their sin and repairing of God’s image.
Q. What followed upon the repairing of God’s image? (Rom. 7:5)
A. A continual battle both within and without.
Q. From whence does this battle proceed?
A. From the two contrary images in mankind.
Q. What are these images?
A. The image of God and the image of the serpent.
1596 The Second Confession of the London-Amsterdam Church
Yet are all since the fall of Adam begotten in his own likeness after his image (Gen.5:3);