Part Two:
Now as to your last thoughts - you said:
"How does an unregenerate person with a heart of stone have the pre-requisite faith to repent if they are spiritually dead and void of the Holy Spirit to begin with? I think that's the part I need to work out and it seems like it's going to involve dropping a lot of assumptions about how God works"
I touched on this in the previous post. Let me now expand it a bit. Sorry for the length of the post but these are complicated matters.
A natural person, as described by the Bible, (1 Cor. 2:14),
cannot do three things. 1.) Receive the things of the Spirit. 2.) Know these things. 3.) Discern these things. Why? Because in his natural state, these things are foolish to him. When you think upon this, it is a powerful and condemning fact about mankind. Everyone of us starts out in life with this deficiency. Why? Because we ae a fallen creature, (Romans 3:10-18). We love sin and are at enmity with God, Romans 8:6-8). We need something to change us from a "natural" man to a "spiritual" man. Enter the Holy Spirit and His Ministry. Familiar verses follow:
John 3:1-10 Now there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews: the same came unto him by night, and said to him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God; for no one can do these signs that you are doing, except God be with him. Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except one be born anew, he cannot see the kingdom of God. Nicodemus says unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter a second time into his mother's womb, and be born? Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except one be born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born anew. The wind is blowing where it will, and you are hearing the voice thereof, but are not knowing whence it cometh, and whither it is going: so is every one that is born of the Spirit. Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be? Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou the teacher of Israel, and do not understand these things?
Now I want to drill down on this conversation. First, note that Nicodemus came to Jesus "at night" - he didn't want to be seen associating with Jesus. John 3:1
Now there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews: the same came unto him by night,
Nicodemus knows there is something special about this Jesus but does not see Him as the Son of God or as the Godman or as the promised Messiah. John 3:2
and said to him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God; for no one can do these signs that you are doing, except God be with him.
Jesus, tells Nicodemus what he needs to hear, (which was often the way Jesus Christ answered unbelieving questioners), not what Nicodemus was questioning him about. John 3:3
Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except one be born anew, he cannot see the kingdom of God. Note that Jesus started this sentence with "Verily, Verily" or "Truly, Truly" - which was His habit, when He was about to say something REALLY important.
This proclamation catches Nicodemus off guard. He understands nothing about what the Lord had just said to him.
Nicodemus says unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter a second time into his mother's womb, and be born? Nicodemus' question is so far fetched, one would have a tough time not laughing.
Jesus ignores the question and repeats Himself but this time adds more descriptive language. John 3:5-7
Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except one be born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born anew. Christ gives two reasons for the need of a new birth. 1.) It is needed to enter into the Kingdom of God. Some think this means that a believer will be "Born again", at some point in their Christian walk. However, one must ask: How can a believer sit in the heavenly places, from the moment they first believed, without entrance into the Kingdom of God? 2.) Jesus emphasizes the need to be born of the Spirit, to transform one from being alive in just flesh, to being flesh and alive in the spirit. Remember the "natural" man versus the "spiritual" man from above? Jesus continues His instruction to Nicodemus by way of illustration:
John 3:8
The wind is blowing where it will, and you are hearing the voice thereof, but are not knowing whence it cometh, and whither it is going: so is every one that is born of the Spirit. So Jesus compares the work of the Holy Spirit to the wind blowing TO and FRO. The believer can hear the sound or voice of the Spirit and can see the effects of it but no one knows when the Spirit will come or to where
He goes.
Christ then admonishes Nicodemus for not knowing these great Truths. Nicodemus, if He is going to be a teacher, should know the workings of salvation. John 3:9-10
Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be? Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou the teacher of Israel, and do not understand these things?
There is something very important in John 3:8b, that we don't want to overlook. We must once again, go to the Greek text. Most Bibles translate this part of the verse as: "..
so is every one that is born of the Spirit." This is okay as a translation goes but it seems to put the emphasis on the present or future and not the past. Thus, the reader is going to miss a big blessing. The Greek word translated "is born" is:
γεγεννημένος from the root word:
γεννάω (pronounced: Ghen-nah-o). Why is this important? Let's see. This particular verb form is a: Perfect- Passive- Participle. Since it is
Perfect tense, (which does not occur in English language), it should always be translated with:
"has been" or having been", inserted in front of the word. The
Perfect in the Greek, always emphasizes "past action" which goes on forever. In other words, the past action has permanency. So verse 3:8b, would be better translated in this way to emphasize the perfect tense verb: "
so it is with everyone that has been born of the Spirit" So Christ is saying, you cannot see or hear the Spirit until you have been born of the Spirit.
Another thing about this verb translated, "has been born", is to take note of the
voice of the verb. The voice is "Passive". The passive voice means: That one experiences the action of the verb but
does not participate in it's action. In other words, when someone is passive voice, in the Greek language, that one is being acted upon and is not the cause of the action. An example of this would be like: "The man who was tied up, was beaten and abused by his captors.". The verbs "beaten" and "abused" would be in the passive voice, in this sentence. Because the man was acted upon by his captors but was in no way active in his own abuse nor did anything of his actions cause the abuse.
So we clearly see, that in order to have an operating spirit, every believer MUST be first Regenerated by the Spirit. This Regeneration, is the sole work of the Spirit upon the one the Spirit is sent to. The recipient is "passive" in this work. The recipient did not initiate it. The recipient did not do it to themselves. They have no part in the time or place of the Spirit's work upon them but without it, there can be no gift of faith, no spiritual understanding and therefore, no genuine repentance.
One final note, the "water" spoke of in John 3:5 - has nothing to do with baptism. This is a cleansing that is done in Regeneration. The Bible commentary on this is in: Titus 3:5
not by works done in righteousness, which we did ourselves, but according to his mercy he saved us, through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit,
I hope this helps, good Lord willing, in some small way. I have some further observations, about the distinguishing characteristics of religionist versus true Christians but this post has gotten to long. Let me know if you would like me to expound on those points in the future.