Okay, I know that Calvinism was popularized in America during the Great Awakening by a dynamic Calvinist evangelist named
George Whitefield. As Wikipedia says, "It was a series of
Christian revivals that swept
Britain and its
thirteen North American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement permanently affected
Protestantism as adherents strove to renew individual
piety and religious devotion. The Great Awakening marked the emergence of Anglo-American
evangelicalism as a trans-denominational movement within the Protestant churches. In the
United States, the term
Great Awakening is most often used, while in the United Kingdom, the movement is referred to as the
Evangelical Revival.
[1]
Building on the foundations of older traditions—
Puritanism,
Pietism, and
Presbyterianism—major leaders of the revival such as
George Whitefield,
John Wesley, and
Jonathan Edwards articulated a theology of revival and
salvation that transcended denominational boundaries and helped forge a common evangelical identity. Revivalists added to the doctrinal imperatives of
Reformation Protestantism an emphasis on
providential outpourings of the
Holy Spirit.
Extemporaneous preaching gave listeners a sense of deep personal conviction about their need for salvation by
Jesus Christ and fostered introspection and commitment to a new standard of personal morality. Revival theology stressed that
religious conversion was not only intellectual assent to correct Christian doctrine but had to be a "
new birth" experienced in the heart. Revivalists also taught that receiving
assurance of salvation was a normal expectation in the Christian life.
While the Evangelical Revival united evangelicals across various denominations around shared beliefs, it also led to division in existing churches between those who supported the revivals and those who did not. Opponents accused the revivals of fostering disorder and fanaticism within the churches by enabling uneducated,
itinerant preachers and encouraging
religious enthusiasm. In England,
evangelical Anglicans would grow into an important constituency within the
Church of England, and
Methodism would develop out of the ministries of Whitefield and Wesley. In the American colonies, the Awakening caused the
Congregational and
Presbyterian churches to split, while strengthening both the Methodist and
Baptist denominations. It had little immediate impact on most
Lutherans,
Quakers, and non-Protestants,
[2] but later gave rise to a
schism among Quakers that persists to this day."
And we might note it gave rise to a schism between TULIPists and MFWists that persists on CC to this day.