Read Deuteronomy 28:15 to the end. It very clearly teaches what will happen if Israel doesn't keep all the terms of the covenant. Now read Revelation 16 as the vials are poured out noting the similarities between the promised curses and what is poured out from the vials.
It's also worth reading the 3 parables beginning in Matthew 21:28 to 22:14. These parables deal with the succession of the kingdom. In 21:43 Jesus clearly says that the kingdom will be taken from them and given to another.
It's also worth reading Josephus's account of the destruction of Jerusalem and how closely it is to the language of the Bible.
Revelation is dealing with the destruction of Israel and the temple. And Revelation matches the curses God promised if Israel was unfaithful to the covenant in Deuteronomy.
Moses' pronouncement/prophecy doesn't end at the end of Chapter 28 (because there originally weren't chapter & verse breaks). If we keep reading past Chapter 28 and continue with Moses' words he also says:
Deut 29:14-15
I am making this covenant, with its oath, not only with you who are standing here with us today in the presence of the Lord our God but also with those who are not here today.
So that means future generations, which then begs the question "How many generations"? Was it a specific number or was the covenant throughout
all generations? Next Moses says...
Deut 30:1-3
When all these blessings and curses I have set before you come on you and you take them to heart wherever the Lord your God disperses you among the nations, and when you and your children return to the Lord your God and obey him with all your heart and with all your soul according to everything I command you today [same day he began to speak those previous chapters], 3 then the Lord your God will restore your fortunes and have compassion on you and gather you again from all the nations where he scattered you.
Moses concluded the covenant in chapter 30. The name "Deuteronomy" is a compound word ("deutero" = "two/second" and "nomy" = "Law". Recall that Moses broke the first set of tablets when Israel broke the covenant not 40 days after covenanting with Almighty at the mountain). So this covenant included:
- future generations not yet alive are participants in the covenant
- the terms/rules the covenant applied to
- the blessings for obedience
- the curses for disobedience
- the assurance that they would definitely disobey the rules and be cursed/punished/scattered
- the promise to restore & regather them AFTER they return to obedience while IN the land of their punishment/scattering
So, the promise to regather them from scattering (if they repent and obey) is part of the covenant...and if it wasn't until
after they rejected Messiah in the first century that the curses/punishments were
activated (including their scattering), then the covenant was/is still active and that the promise is to those generations born even later. The problem is that they can never fulfill the last portion without believing in the Messiah because only He (and His Spirit) has the heart to obey The Almighty (i.e., the law placed in their hearts and minds).
And so the New Covenant is
stacked atop the Old where sacrificing for sin is no longer necessary and where belief in the Messiah will give the people the heart to obey thereby justifying The Father to restore and regather them back to His land as promised for obedience.
This is why some of us argue that the promise for them to be returned to the land is still alive today but that there is no return without belief in the Messiah. They must accept the Messiah and be part of the New Covenant to fulfill the Old Covenant to return them home.
God's words can't return to Him void.