Judah (or Jews of the house of Judah) are described by God in Jeremiah 24 as the good basket of figs.
Jer 24:1-8
24 The LORD shewed me, and, behold, two baskets of figs were set before the temple of the LORD, after that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon had carried away captive Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, and the princes of Judah, with the carpenters and smiths, from Jerusalem, and had brought them to Babylon.
2 One basket had very good figs, even like the figs that are first ripe: and the other basket had very naughty figs, which could not be eaten, they were so bad.
3 Then said the LORD unto me, "What seest thou, Jeremiah?" And I said, "Figs; the good figs, very good; and the evil, very evil, that cannot be eaten, they are so evil."
Literal figs are not evil, so what's God message with that bad basket of figs? Keep that in mind, and continue...
4 Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,
5 Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel; "Like these good figs, so will I acknowledge them that are carried away captive of Judah, whom I have sent out of this place into the land of the Chaldeans for their good.
6 For I will set Mine eyes upon them for good, and I will bring them again to this land: and I will build them, and not pull them down; and I will plant them, and not pluck them up.
7 And I will give them an heart to know Me, that I am the LORD: and they shall be My people, and I will be their God: for they shall return unto Me with their whole heart.
The 3-tribe "house of Judah" (Jews) in Jeremiah's day went into captivity to Babylon for falling away from God into idol worship. That did not involve the majority of Israelites, as the ten northern tribe "house of Israel" had by then already been scattered out of the holy land, captive to Assyria and the lands of the Medes.
With this Promise to Judah from God, it means that He would return them back to the land, and build them and not pull them down and not pluck them up. That has to be when the "house of Judah" became the nation of Israel again in 1948, because the Romans in 70 A.D. did scatter the Jews out of the land (Diaspora), and the Jews only began returning in stages back to the holy land in later centuries after many of the Jews were cast out of Europe during the times of the early Christian nations.
Their return in 1948 represents the budding of the fig tree per Christ's command that we learn a parable of the fig tree as stated in His Olivet discourse. So most likely, Jesus was pointing to 'rebellious' Jews with His command to cut down the unbearing fig tree.
8 And as the evil figs, which cannot be eaten, they are so evil; surely thus saith the LORD, So will I give Zedekiah the king of Judah, and his princes, and the residue of Jerusalem, that remain in this land, and them that dwell in the land of Egypt:
KJV
This part many fail to pay attention to. These are the evil basket of figs. They are mixed in among the Judah, having crept in among Israel long ago per Old Testament history. For example, per 1 Chronicles 2:55, the Kenites which were a foreign people of the land of Canaan, became Israel's scribes in charge of keeping copies of God's Word from generation to generation. Some of these were among the false Pharisees that sought to kill Lord Jesus. Per Judges 2 & 3, God rebuked the children of Israel when they went into the lands of Canaan because they failed to complete God's command to literally wipe out seven specific nations of Canaan, because they had been doing all sorts of evil and idol worship, and He had given them 430 years to repent. Leftovers of them became bondservants among Israel, and eventually some of them crept into Israel's priesthood (see Ezra and Nehemiah).
So we cannot just point to 'unbelieving' Jews at Christ's 1st coming, because remember Paul warned us to not be conceited about their disbelief, because God spiritually blinded them so The Gospel would go to the Gentiles (Rom.11). Not all Jews at Christ's 1st coming were guilty and wanting to kill Jesus. Even Nicodemus, a Pharisee, provided spices for Jesus' burial. And some of the Pharisees believed on Lord Jesus Christ. But the evil figs, those were, and still are, about servants of the devil, the children of darkness. And it most likely will be those evil figs that will cause Israel to sign onto the Daniel 11 "league" or confirming of the covenant of Dan.9, which the coming Antichrist will make with those false Jews in Jerusalem.