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And why were no tongues and prophecies recorded by the Early Church Fathers immediately after the apostles?
You are mistaken:
IRENAEUS (born 120/140 - died c. 200)
The manifestation of the Holy Spirit. Not only did Irenaeus emphasize water baptism, but he emphasized
receiving the Holy Spirit. He commented upon I Corinthians 6:9-11 and 15:49:
Now he says that the things which save are the
name of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the Spirit of
God. . . . And then, again when (do we bear) the
image of the heavenly? Doubtless when he says, “Ye
have been washed,” believing in the name of the Lord,
and receiving His Spirit.
(Against Heresies 5:11:1-2)
Moreover, he asserted that speaking in tongues is the sign of a Spirit-filled person. Commenting on
I Corinthians 2:6, he wrote:
The perfect man consists in the commingling and
the union of the soul receiving the Spirit of the Father. . . .
For this reason does the apostle declare, “We
speak wisdom among them that are perfect,” terming
those persons “perfect” who have received the Spirit
of God, and who through the Spirit of God do speak in
all languages, as he used himself also to speak. In like
manner we do also hear many brethren in the Church,
who possess prophetic gifts, and who through the
Spirit speak all kinds of languages, and bring to light
for the general benefit the hidden things of men, and
declare the mysteries of God, whom also the apostle
terms “spiritual,” they being spiritual because they
partake of the Spirit.
(Ibid. 5:6:1)
Some people argue that he merely alluded to miracles he had heard about, but it seems clear that he regarded
tongues as the expected sign of being filled with the Holy Spirit. He cited various reports simply to demonstrate the
diversity of tongues and prophecies throughout the
worldwide church.
He further stated:
Those who are in truth His disciples, receiving
grace from Him, do in His name perform (miracles)
. . . drive out devils . . . see visions . . . utter prophetic
expressions . . . heal the sick by laying their hands
upon them. . . . The dead even have been raised up,
and remained among us for many years. . . . It is not
possible to name the number of the gifts which the
Church, (scattered) throughout the whole world, has
received from God, in the name of Jesus Christ. . . .
Nor does she perform anything by means of angelic
invocations, or by incantations, or by any other
wicked curious art; but, directing her prayers to the
Lord, who made all things, in a pure, sincere, and
straightforward spirit, and calling upon the name of
our Lord Jesus Christ. . . .
(Ibid. 2:32:4-5)
It is evident that all across Christendom people in this age received the Holy Spirit and spoke in tongues. The
exercise of various miraculous, spiritual gifts was common, expected, encouraged, and normative.
TERTULLIAN (166/160 - died 220)
He believed in the outpouring of the Holy Spirit with speaking in tongues and the exercise of the spiritual gifts (charismata) of I Corinthians 12. He regarded them as signs of the true church, stating that they were the norm in his day. Writing against the Marcionites, he challenged them to produce such gifts if they were a true church:
The Creator promised the gift of His Spirit in the
latter days, and . . . Christ has in these last days
appeared as the dispenser of spiritual gifts. . . . Let
Marcion then exhibit, as gifts of his god, some
prophets, such as have not spoken by human sense,
but with the Spirit of God. . . . Let him produce a
psalm, a vision, a prayer—only let it be by the Spirit,
in an ecstasy, that is, in a rapture, whenever an interpretation
of tongues has occurred to him. . . . Now all
these signs (of spiritual gifts) are forthcoming from
my side without any difficulty.
(Against Marcion 5:8)
Baptism of the Holy Spirit. As the evidence from Irenaeus, Tertullian, ...shows, people were receiving the Holy Spirit with the sign of tongues at the beginning of the Old Catholic Age. In the third century, Sabellius, Asterius Urbanus, and Novatian also described the supernatural gifts of utterance as normal and expected.
(Of the Holy Spirit - 133, 135, citing Epiphanius and Pseudo-Athanasius regarding Sabellius; Asterius Urbanus, Extant Writings, 10)
NOVATIAN (200 - died 258)
Said of the Holy Spirit:
This is He who places prophets in the church,
instructs teachers, directs tongues, gives power and
healings, does wonderful works, offers discrimination
of spirits, affords powers of government, suggests
counsels, and orders and arranges whatever other
gifts there are of charismata; and thus makes the
Lord’s church everywhere, and in all, perfected and
completed.
(Treatise concerning the Trinity)
HILARY (310 - 367)
Even in the fourth century, tongues, interpretation of
tongues, and other supernatural gifts were in evidence.
Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, described tongues and interpretation of tongues as “agents of ministry” ordained of
God.
(Hilary,On the Trinity 8:33)
AMBROSE Bishop of Milan (339-397)
taught that all the gifts of I Corinthians 12 were part of the normal Christian experience.
(Ambrose, Of the Holy Spirit 2:8) Excerpts from A History of Church Doctrine Volume 1-Bernard