I was not aware that the 1st century church, mostly meeting in homes, used the Synagogue as any kind of a model. Was this mentioned anywhere in scripture, or in the early church fathers' writings?
No....but it was an "of course " thing. It's alluded to in other writings. Pen, paper, and ink were expensive commodities. So much of the "of course" information that was widely known and accepted was never written as it was "unnecessary " at the time.
Christianity was considered a "sect" of Judaism. Where in the strictly Roman cities "Church" was often held in homes or the city's "
gymnasium" community center.
Even if a city had a Jewish quarter the Jews absolutely refused to allow "apostacized" Jews and Goyim/Gentiles to use it for worship services.
Also...because so many Greeks/Romans had so little knowledge about the Jewish faith there often was only one or two guys that knew scriptures or possibly had knowledge of the Septuagint to explain to others. If lucky they had an actual copy of the scriptures. But that was only if they could scrounge up enough money to purchase one.
The early church, however noble was a rather rag-tag bunch. Judaism was never really accepted in the Roman world...ostracized from the word "go". And Christians were ostracized even more by the Jews. The rejects of the rejects.