Jeremiah 31:31-33 are the most cited verses detailing the New Covenant.
In it we find:
Israel broke the covenant
YHWH was their husband, but is no more (also see Jeremiah 3:8)
YHWH renews the covenant with the House of Israel and the House of Judah by putting His
Torah in them once again.
We will know YHWH.
We will no longer have to teach each other the Word.
Israel’s sins will be forgiven.
Jeremiah 31:31-33
“Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord (YHWH), when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant that they broke, though I was their husband, declares the Lord (YHWH). For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord (YHWH): I will put my law (TORAH) within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people. And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest, declares the Lord (YHWH). For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”
Though we are in the new covenant, not all of these promises have been fulfilled yet. For example, we are still teaching each other the Word of God. This will be fulfilled at the coming of our Messiah through the resurrection.
The most important thing to note is that the New Covenant is defined as the Torah being on our heart.
This means that we will want to do the Torah. Some teach that the New Covenant gave us a new law, but this is the exact opposite of what the prophets state.
Ezekiel 11:19-20
And I will give them one heart, and a new spirit I will put within them. I will remove the heart of stone from their flesh and give them a heart of flesh, that they may walk in my statutes and keep my rules and obey them. And they shall be my people, and I will be their God.
Ezekiel 36:26-27
And I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you. And I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh and give you a heart of flesh. And I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes and be careful to obey my rules.
Our Messiah entered us into the New Covenant and began the process of reuniting the House of Judah back with the House of Israel.
Luke 22:20
And likewise the cup after they had eaten, saying, “This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood.
(Also see 1 Corinthians 11:25)
Our Messiah also practiced and taught the Torah as our example. His death on the cross demonstrated our Creator’s love for us, which causes us to want to love Him back by obeying His Torah.
1 John 5:1-3
Everyone who believes that Jesus (Yeshua) is the Christ (Messiah) has been born of God, and everyone who loves the Father loves whoever has been born of him. By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and obey his commandments. For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments. And his commandments are not burdensome.
Hebrews 8 discusses the circumstances leading to the New Covenant in depth and it is a popular chapter.
Hebrews 8:1-13
Now the point in what we are saying is this: we have such a high priest, one who is seated at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in heaven, a minister in the holy places, in the true tent that the Lord set up, not man. For every high priest is appointed to offer gifts and sacrifices; thus it is necessary for this priest also to have something to offer. Now if he were on earth, he would not be a priest at all, since there are priests who offer gifts according to the law. They serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things. For when Moses was about to erect the tent, he was instructed by God, saying, “See that you make everything according to the pattern that was shown you on the mountain.” But as it is, Christ has obtained a ministry that is as much more excellent than the old as the covenant he mediates is better, since it is enacted on better promises. For if that first covenant had been faultless, there would have been no occasion to look for a second.
For he finds fault with them when he says:
“Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord,
when I will establish a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah,
not like the covenant that I made with their fathers
on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt.
For they did not continue in my covenant,
and so I showed no concern for them, declares the Lord.
For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord:
I will put my laws into their minds, and write them on their hearts,
and I will be their God,
and they shall be my people.
And they shall not teach, each one his neighbor
and each one his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’
for they shall all know me,
from the least of them to the greatest.
For I will be merciful toward their iniquities, and I will remember their sins no more.”
In speaking of a new covenant, he makes the first one obsolete. And what is becoming obsolete
and growing old is ready to vanish away