4. Keep the Sabbath day holy. - Not binding on the Church - Colossians 2:16-17
-------
[1.] Daily
[continual]
Num. 28:1-8, - “continual”, “day by day” the daily offerings
Eze. 45:17 - meat & drink offerings
Col. 2:16 - meat & drink [offerings]
Isa. 1:13-14 - oblations, incense
Hos. 2:11 - her mirth, see Neh. 8:12
Gal. 4:10 - days
-------
[2.] Weekly [never last]
Num. 28:9-10 KJB, - is the “every sabbath” on “the sabbath day” [weekly offerings]
It states “the sabbath day”, and “every sabbath”, literally “sabbath to sabbath”
[Num. 28:10 HOT Translit. - shaBat B'shaBaTô, see Isa. 66:23 HOT Translit. - shaBät B'shaBaTô]
The weekly sabbath is not listed in Eze. 45:17; Col. 2:16; Isa. 1:13-14; Hos. 2:11; Gal. 4:10.
-------
[3.] Monthly
[or seasons
Num. 28:11-15, - is the “beginnings of your months”, “every month” [offerings]
Eze. 45:17 - new moons
Col. 2:16 - new moon
Isa. 1:13-14 - Your new moons
Hos. 2:11 - her new moons
Gal. 4:10 - months
-------
[4.] Seasonal [or Month]
Num. 28:16-25, 26-31, 29:1-6, 7-11, 12-40 - feasts
Eze. 45:17 - feasts
Col. 2:16 - an holy day
Isa. 1:13-14 - appointed feasts
Hos. 2:11 - her feast days
Gal. 4:10 - times, αιρους
-------
[5.] Yearly [of Years]
Num. 28:16-31, 29:1-40 [Lev. 23 & 25] - the yearly sabbaths & offerings of it
Eze. 45:17 - in the sabbaths
Col. 2:16 - sabbath [days]
Isa. 1:13-14 - sabbaths, appointed feasts
Hos. 2:11 - her sabbaths
Gal. 4:10 - years
-------
Albert Barnes [Presbyterian]:
“... Or of the Sabbath days - Greek, “of the Sabbaths.” The word Sabbath in the Old Testament is applied not only to the seventh day, but to all the days of holy rest that were observed by the Hebrews, and particularly to the beginning and close of their great festivals. There is, doubtless, reference to those days in this place, since the word is used in the plural number, and the apostle does not refer particularly to the Sabbath properly so called. There is no evidence from this passage that he would teach that there was no obligation to observe any holy time, for there is not the slightest reason to believe that he meant to teach that one of the ten commandments had ceased to be binding on mankind. If he had used the word in the singular number - “the Sabbath,” it would then, of course, have been clear that he meant to teach that that commandment had ceased to be binding, and that a Sabbath was no longer to be observed. But the use of the term in the plural number, and the connection, show that he had his eye on the great number of days which were observed by the Hebrews as festivals, as a part of their ceremonial and typical law, and not to the moral law, or the Ten Commandments. No part of the moral law - no one of the ten commandments could be spoken of as “a shadow of good things to come.” These commandments are, from the nature of moral law, of perpetual and universal obligation. ...”
-------
Adam Clarke [Methodist]:
“... There is no intimation here that the Sabbath was done away, or that its moral use was superseded, by the introduction of Christianity. I have shown elsewhere that, Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy, is a command of perpetual obligation, and can never be superseded but by the final termination of time. ...”
-------
Jamieson, Fausset and Brown [theologians]:
“... the sabbath — Omit “THE,” which is not in the Greek (compare Note, see on Gal_4:10). “SABBATHS” (not “the sabbaths”) of the day of atonement and feast of tabernacles have come to an end with the Jewish services to which they belonged (Lev_23:32, Lev_23:37-39). The weekly sabbath rests on a more permanent foundation, having been instituted in Paradise to commemorate the completion of creation in six days. Lev_23:38 expressly distinguished “the sabbath of the Lord” from the other sabbaths. A positive precept is right because it is commanded, and ceases to be obligatory when abrogated; a moral precept is commanded eternally, because it is eternally right. If we could keep a perpetual sabbath, as we shall hereafter, the positive precept of the sabbath, one in each week, would not be needed. Heb_4:9, “rests,” Greek, “keeping of sabbath” (Isa_66:23). But we cannot, since even Adam, in innocence, needed one amidst his earthly employments; therefore the sabbath is still needed and is therefore still linked with the other nine commandments, as obligatory in the spirit, though the letter of the law has been superseded by that higher spirit of love which is the essence of law and Gospel alike (Rom_13:8-10).”
-------
Justin Edwards [Congregationalist]:
“… A holy-day-sabbath-days; in the original, a festival-sabbaths. The days referred to are those required to be observed in the ceremonial law-days associated by God with meats, drinks, and new moons. The passage does not refer to the Sabbath of the moral law, associated with the commands forbidding theft, murder, and adultery. This weekly Sabbath was never against men or contrary to them, but was always for them, and promotive of their highest good. The observance of it caused them to ride upon the high places of the earth, and to possess the heritage of God’s people. Isaiah 58:13-14; Jeremiah 17:21-27. …”
-------
Moses’ Law
God’s Law (Ten Commandments)
-------
Called “the law of Moses” (Jos. 23:6; Luke 2:22; 1 Cor. 9:9, &c)
Called “the ten commandments” of the LORD [JEHOVAH] (Exo. 34:28; Deut. 4:13, 10:4)
-------
Spoken by God through Moses (Exo. 35:4; Num. 30:1; Lev. 10:11; Deut. 4:14,45; Heb. 9:19; &c)
Spoken directly by God without Moses (Exo. 20:22; Deut. 4:12-13,15; Neh. 9:13)
-------
Called [carnal] “ordinances” (Num. 9:12; 2 Chro. 33:8; Eze. 43:11,18, 44:5, 45:14, 46:14; Col. 2:14; Eph. 2:15; Heb. 9:1,10)
Called “the royal [kingly] law” (Jam. 2:8-11, see also Num. 23:21; Psa. 44:4, 47:7, 68:24, 74:12, 84:3, 95:3, 145:1; Isa. 44:6; Jer. 10:10; Dan. 2:37; 1 Tim. 6:15; Rev. 17:14, 19:16)
-------
Written by Moses at God’s command (Exo. 17:14, 24:4, 34:27; Deut. 31:9; Neh. 8:14; Mark 10:4, 12:19; Luke 20:28; John 1:45, 5:46)
Written directly by God, “finger”, “[Holy] Spirit” (Exo. 31:18, 32:16, 34:1,28; Deut. 9:10; Matt. 12:28; Luke 11:20)
-------
In A Book (Exo. 17:14; Deut. 31:24; 2 Chro. 34:14, 35:12; Ezra 6:18; Neh. 13:1; Mark 12:26; Heb. 9:19)
Originally on 2 Tables Of The Sapphire Stone [later on regular stone and later on the two tables of the Heart/mind] (Exo. 24:10,12, 31:18, 34:1,4,28; Deut. 10:3-4; Num. 15:38-39; Jer. 31:31-34; Eze. 1:25-28, 10:1, 11:19-20, 36:26-27; Heb. 8:8-13, 10:16; 2 Cor. 3:3,6)
-------
Many decrees to do with worldly sanctuary (Lev. 18:5, 20:22; Deut. 4:1,5; Psa. 18:22; Mal. 4:4)
“the ten commandments” (Exo. 34:28; Deut. 4:13, 10:4), the “whole” duty of [the] man [all in Adam the first and last] (Ecc. 12:13-14; Psa. 119:96); heavenly sanctuary (Heb. 8:2, 9:11; Rev. 11:19, 15:5)
-------
Placed “in the side [outside] of the ark” (Deut. 31:26, see also 1 Kin. 8:9)
Placed “into [inside] the ark” (Exo. 40:20; Deut. 5:1-5)
-------
Abolished in Jesus’ flesh at Calvary/Cross (Eph. 2:15), “till the seed should come”, “time of reformation” (Gal. 3:19; Heb. 9:10)
“will I not break … nor alter”, “settled for ever”, “everlasting”, “founded them for ever”, “endureth for ever” (Deut. 4:2; Psa. 89:34, 111:7-8, 119:89,142,152,160,172; Matt. 5:17; Rev. 11:19, 15:5, a written transcript of God’s own character/glory – Exo. 33:12-23, 34:1-9, 20:5-7)
-------
“Added [to an already existing Law] because of transgressions [sin]“ (Gal. 3:19)
Already existed from the beginning (Gen. 4:7, 16:5, 5:16, 18:20, 19:15, 20:9, 31:36, 39:9, 44:16; Exo. 9:27,34, 10:16-17; Job 1:5,22, 7:20, 8:4, 22:15-17, 24:19, 31:33, 33:27; Isa. 3:9; Lam. 4:6; Eze. 28:12-19; Rom. 2:12, 3:23, 5:12-21; 2 Cor. 11:3; 1 Tim. 2:14; 2 Pet. 2:4; Jude 1:6)
-------
More given throughout Israel’s [after the flesh] journey (Exo. 30:22; Lev. 4:1)
Self Contained, Complete, “added no more” (Deut. 5:22)
-------
Changeable [Type to Antitype] (Acts 6:14; Heb. 7:12,18)
Cannot be altered, “sure” (Psa. 89:34, 111:7-8), unchangeable as God (Exo. 33:12-23, 34:1-9, 20:5-7; Psa. 102:12,25-27; Mal.i 3:6; Heb. 1:10-12, 13:8)
-------
“Against us”, “contrary to us” (Deut. 4:26, 30:19, 31:19,21,26,38; Jos. 24:22; Col. 2:14)
“not grievous” (1 John 5:3), “made for [the] man” (Mark 2:27), “good” (Rom. 7:12,16; 1 Tim. 1:8), the law is not “against the promises” (Gal. 3:21), but the Ten Commandments are in fact all promises of God in the New and Everlasting Covenant (Eph. 6:2; Heb. 8:6, &c)
-------
Identifies [Points to] the Saviour [Jesus] (Gen. 3:15,21; 22:8 Exo. 12:3-11; John 1:29,36; Rev. 13:8)
Identifies [Points out] sin (Rom. 3:20, 7:7,14; Jam. 2:10-11; 1 John 3:4)
-------
Not to be judged by (Col. 2:16-17)
Judges all (Ecc. 12:13-14; Rom. 7:7,14; Jam. 2:10-13; 1 John 3:4)
-------
“carnal”, “worldly” (Col. 2:8,20; Heb. 7:16, 9:1,10)
“spiritual” (Rom. 7:14,22), “spirit” (John 6:63; Exo. 31:18, 32:16, 34:1,28; Deut. 9:10; Matt. 12:28; Luke 11:20)
-------
Their faulty promises were a “yoke”, “of bondage” (Acts 15:10,24; Gal. 5:1; Heb. 8:7-9; Exo. 19:8)
“walk at liberty”, “law of liberty”, “free” (Psa. 119:45; Jam. 1:25, 2:12; Isa. 58:6,13; John 8:32-36; Exo. 20:2; Deut. 5:6; Matt. 5:19; Rom. 6:22, 8:2: Gal. 4:26,31, 5:1: 1 Pet. 2:16)
-------
“made nothing” “perfect” (Heb. 7:19, 9:9, 10:1; Gal. 3:3)
Is “perfect” (Exo. 32:16; Deut. 32:4; 2 Sam. 22:31; Psa. 18:30, 19:7, 40:8; Rom. 2:12; 2 Tim. 3:16-17; Jam. 1:25)
-------
“ceased”, “abolished” , “remaineth no more sacrifice for sin” (Dan. 9:27; Eph. 2:15; Heb. 10:26)
“magnified” by Jesus/Calvary (Isa. 42:21; Matt. 5:1-7:29; Rom. 3:31)
-------
A “whole law” which cannot justify for salvation (Gal. 5:1-3)
A “whole duty” to do through faith & Holy Spirit (Ecc. 12:13-14; Luke 17:10; Eph. 2:8-10; Tit. 3:4-8)
-------