Here is the definitive argument to show that women do not share in such roles as preachers or elders or apostles.
Speaking to women, Paul asks:
36Or did the word of God come
originally from you? Or
was it you only that it reached?
37If anyone thinks himself to be a prophet or spiritual, let him acknowledge that the things which I write to you are the commandments of the Lord.
38But if anyone is ignorant, let him be ignorant.
The answer to these rhetorical questions is definitively NO! The word of God did not come only to the woman nor was it preached only to the woman. Women who assume such positions do so not because of what scripture teaches, but in spite of it.
I find your interpretation to be inconsistent with the wording of the passage.
I Corinthians 14
26 How is it then, brethren? when ye come together, every one of you hath a psalm, hath a doctrine, hath a tongue, hath a revelation, hath an interpretation. Let all things be done unto edifying.
27 If any man speak in an unknown tongue, let it be by two, or at the most by three, and that by course; and let one interpret.
28 But if there be no interpreter, let him keep silence in the church; and let him speak to himself, and to God.
29 Let the prophets speak two or three, and let the other judge.
30 If any thing be revealed to another that sitteth by, let the first hold his peace.
31 For ye may all prophesy one by one, that all may learn, and all may be comforted.
32 And the spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets.
33 For God is not the author of confusion, but of peace, as in all churches of the saints.
34 Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience as also saith the law.
35 And if they will learn any thing, let them ask their husbands at home: for it is a shame for women to speak in the church.
36 What? came the word of God out from you? or came it unto you only?
37 If any man think himself to be a prophet, or spiritual, let him acknowledge that the things that I write unto you are the commandments of the Lord.
Look at verses 34-25. This is in the third person..."your women...unto them....they.....their husbands...women....." Verse 36 switches back to 'you', which seems to refer to the whole congregation all throughout the book, the readers, that are saluted in chapter 1. The book is not addressed just to women.
So we can conclude that in verse 36 Paul is addressing the 'church of God which is at Corinth' and anyone else he addressed in chapter 1. So what is he talking about? I started with verse 26, where Paul actually starts giving commands-- "Let all things be done unto edifying." I go with that instead of the idea that he meant "All things are done unto edifying" because this passage is bringing correction.
So if we look Paul mentions 'commandments of the Lord' in verse 37. So let's look at what is taught and commanded here. 'Every one of you' have a psalm, teaching, tongue, revelation, interpretation. He added the command-- Let all things be done unto edifying. Then the church must allow someone to speak in tongues to do so. If there is no interpreter, he must be silent in the church. The church needs to allow the interpretation. The church is commanded to let the prophets speak two or three and let the other judge. A prophet is required to hold his peace if another sitting by receives a revelation for ye may all prophesy one by one.... Then there is a command for women.
The command for women shows up at different places in the chapter in different manuscripts. Since chapter 11 speaks of women prophesying, and prophesying edifies the church/assembly, then many interpreters believe women were allowed to prophecy. Women prophesying is specifically mentioned in the prophecy of Joel 2 which Peter quotes in Acts 2 about the last days. Philip had four daughters who prophesied.
This leads many commentators and interpreters to think that Paul's instructions to women was about a specific problem related to their talking. Origen later in history would complain about some women talking during the teaching. I have heard speculation that men and women sat on different sides of the room and the wives were asking questions about doctrine to their husbands across the room (though I have also heard or read there is not evidence that synagogues divided men and women in the seating during this time period), and I have read the interpretation from a Greek scholar along the lines of women doing a 'Socratic dialogue' on the prophets after their prophets, maybe during the time of 'judging prophecies.'
Paul seems to make an argument appealing to universal church practices with such things as 'as in all the churches of the saints' and his questions about 'What? came the word of God out from you? or came it unto you only?' Jerusalem had prophets. They went to Antioch. Other churches had prophets. The word had not originated with Corinth. Isaiah said the Law of the Lord would go forth from Zion, and the church had started in Jerusalem and the word had spread from there. So why would the Corinthians deviate from the practices of the church out from whom the word had come or from that of other churches who had received the word? Why would the prophets prophesy in a different manner, or the way the regular believers in the congregation sang, taught, shared revelations, etc.? And if this is the location for the verse about women, why would the church allow the disorder that was going on when considering how other churches operated. In chapter 1, the epistle is also addressed to 'that in every place call upon the name of Jesus Christ our Lord'.
Then we get verse 37, one of the verses where Paul emphases the importance of what he writes as being from God. "If any man think himself to be a prophet, or spiritual, let him acknowledge that the things that I write unto you are the commandments of the Lord."
So if someone thinks he is a gifted speaker in tongues or interpreter or sharer of revelations, then he should do it in church 'unto edifying. And the prophets should let their prophecies be weighed after 'two or three' (whether Paul means prophets or utterances or whatever.) He should hold his peace when another receives a revelation. This is preemptive correction to those who wanted to do church activities in a way contrary to this.
These commands are quite different from what many people think of church if they are influenced by either traditional liturgy or Protestant preacher-centered sermons. There is no command here for one big sermon from anyone. Paul does not even mention the elder or bishop role, or mention the word 'pastor' in this passage-- the one long passage that addresses this aspect of church meetings in the whole New Testament aside from chapter 11 which tells us how not to have the Lord's Supper. Elders are associated with teaching, and they, along with others in the congregation, are allowed to teach according to verse 26.
As far as the issue of women pastors are concerned, there is plenty to discuss, but I do not think you can legitimately get the point you want out of that particular verse.