1.Cessation argument #1: 1 Corinthians 13:8-13 teaches that the miraculous gifts passed away with the completion of the New Testament.
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aul wrote 1 Corinthians 12-14 to answer questions the Corinthians were having about the use and abuse of spiritual gifts in their fellowship. His primary goal was to encourage the Corinthians to love one another. Chapter 13:8-13 is to show that love is greater than any gift:"
Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is knowledge, it will pass away. For we know in part and we prophesy in part, but when perfection comes, the imperfect disappears. When I was a child I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned as a child. When I became a man I put childish ways behind me. Now we see but a poor reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall l know fully, even as I am fully known. And now these three main: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love.a.The miraculous gifts such as tongues and prophecy will cease. "
But when? “When perfection comes.” When perfection comes, these imperfect gifts will pass away. To what is Paul referring when he looks to the coming of “perfection”? There are basically two ways scholars have interpreted this passage.1)Cessationists argue that “perfection” refers to the completed canon of Scripture. They hold that the first-century church needed these miraculous revelatory gifts because the Bible was not yet complete, and when God completed the scriptural canon, these gifts were no longer needed and passed away.2)Noncessationists believe that “perfection” refers to the second coming of Christ. They hold that these gifts are intended for the present church age but will not longer be needed when Jesus Christ returns. The majority of biblical interpreters have concluded that “perfection” refers to the second coming of Christ and not the completion of the canon. How have they reached this conclusion?b.Which is right?Paul says that when the perfect comes, we will see God “face to face.” The phrase “face to face” is used in the Old Testament to mean seeing God personally. Revelation 22:4 says that in heaven, “They will see his face.” The Scriptures reveal much about God, but they do not allow for a face-to-facemeeting with him. This willcome when Christ returns.c.Paul says that, for us, when perfection comes, “I shall know fully, even as I am fully known.” The Scriptures help us know many things, but it could not be said that we know God fullybecause of them. God will be known fully tohis people when his Son returns.
d.It is doubtful that when the Corinthians read this letter, the concept of a closed canon would have occurred to them. A far more common theme in Scripture is the return of Christ. When Paul pointed his Corinthian readers to a future day when they would see Christ face to face, they are far more likely to have thought of Christ’s return.e.For these reasons, and many others treated in the scholarly literature, the most reasonable interpretation of 1 Corinthians 13:8-12 says that Paul is teaching that the gifts will cease when Jesus Christ returns.
"Let me begin to answer by giving you just one thought...The Scriptures never anywhere say that these things were only temporary –never! There is no such statement anywhere...So you see the difficulties men land themselves in when they dislike something and cannot fully understand it and try to explain it away. All things must be judged in the light of Scriptures, and we must not twist them to suit our theory or argument. "
2.Cessation argument #2: The miraculous gifts ceased with the death of the last apostle. B.B. Warfield, a professor at Princeton Seminary, wrote a book in 1918 called Counterfeit Miracles, which is still the classic statement of the position that the miraculous spiritual gifts were given only to the apostles and Stephen and Philip. Warfield taught that the purpose of these gifts was to authenticate the apostlesas trustworthy bearers of doctrine; when they died, this authenticating power died with them. Most of the contemporary works written from the cessationist camp are, in effect, a footnote to Warfield’s work.
Warfield wrote:It is very clear from the record of the New Testament that the extraordinary charismata were not (after the very first days of the church) the possession of all Christians, but supernatural gifts to the few.These gifts were not the possession of the primitive Christian as such: nor for that matter of the Apostolic Church, or the Apostolic age for themselves; they were distinctly for the authentication of the Apostles. They were part of the credentials of the Apostles as the authoritative agents of God in founding the Church. Their function thus confined them to distinctively the Apostolic Church, and they necessarily passed away with it.
a.The primary texts used by cessationists to support the claim that miraculous gifts were the sole property of the apostles include these:The apostles performed many miraculous signs and wonders among the people.–Acts 5:12 (NIV)The things that mark an apostle--signs, wonders and miracles--were done among you with great perseverance. –2 Cor 12:12 (NIV)This salvation, which was first announced by the Lord, was confirmed to us by those who heard him. 4 God also testified to it by signs, wonders and various miracles, and gifts of the Holy Spirit distributed according to his will.–Heb 2:3-4 (NIV)b.Warfield is correct in affirming the uniqueness of the apostolic office. The twelve apostles certainly enjoyed a unique wonder-working power.The major problem with Warfield’s argument, however, is that its conclusion does not follow from its premises. The argument can be broken down into a syllogism.1)Major premise: The apostles, as the foundation of the church, experienced unique wonder-working powers to authenticate their ministry.2)Minor premise: The apostles are dead.3)Conclusion: No one experiences wonder-working power in ministry today.c.The conclusion does not follow from the minor premise. While it is true that the apostles had unique had unique miraculous powers and it is true that they are dead, it does not logically follow that no other Christians can experience the miraculous gifts.
1)Major premise: Only the apostles planted churches in Acts
2)Minor premise:The apostles are dead.
3)Conclusion: No one should plant churches today.d.All that is needed to refute this view from a scriptural standpoint is to find any examples of nonapostolic Christians using the miraculous gifts in the New Testament. Consider these:1)Mark 9:38-39: An unknown man casts out demons in Jesus’ name.2)Luke 10:9: Jesus commissions seventy-two disciples to preach and to heal.3)Acts 9:17-18: Ananias heals Paul.4)Romans 12:6: Paul refers to the gift of prophecy in Rome, a church not yet visited by an apostle.5)1 Corinthians 12:8-10: Gifts of healing and miracles are experienced in the Corinthian church without an apostle present.6)Galatians 3:5: Paul refers to the Holy Spirit who “work
miracles among you.” The “you” is plural and must refer to the entire congregation, which was not led by an apostle.7)1 Thessalonians 5:20: Paul demands that the Thessalonians not hinder the prophetic gift.8)The list of miraculous gifts experienced by nonapostles in the New Testament grows much longer when we include tongues.
continued in next post