APOSTLE. An apostle in the NT is an envoy, an ambassador, or a missionary. In the NT the term “apostle” is applied to one who carries the message of the gospel.
A. Definition and Origin
B. Apostles as Missionaries
C. Jesus’ Disciples as Apostles
D. Paul as Apostle of the Gentiles
E. False Apostles
F. Christ as Apostle
A. Definition and Origin
The early Christian title of apostle, although well attested in the NT and other early Christian sources, presents a number of still unresolved problems. The noun “apostle” (apostolos) is originally an adjective derived from the verb apostellō (“send”), found in the NT with a considerable range of meanings. The basic concept is that of the sending of messengers or envoys; an apostle can also be called angelos (“messenger,” e.g., Luke 7:24; 9:52) or kērux (“herald,” e.g., 1 Tim 2:7, 2 Tim 1:11; cf. Mark 1:45; 2 Cor 5:20). Apostles can be human or divine, sent by human or divine authorities.
The original adjective apostolos is attested only infrequently in Greek literature, referring to an envoy or a bearer of a message in a general sense (e.g., Herodotus 1.21; Plato, Ep. 7.346a). This technical meaning conforms to the Aramaic selı̂aḥ (Ezra 7:14; Dan 5:24; cf. 2 Chr 17:7–9; for references and bibliography, see Spicq, 1982). In the Hellenistic era, the concept of the divine envoy was applied by Epictetus to the ideal cynic (Diss. 3.22.3; 4.8.31), but the term apostolos does not occur. Christianity, therefore, appears to have picked a secular term and made it into a specific office and title.
In addition to evidencing a bewildering range of applications of the title of apostle, the NT and the early patristic literature also attempt to define it. Since scholarship is still divided on many of the questions, the following definitions must be seen as part of the argument and not as final answers.
The basic definition given by Origen (Jo. 32.17, ed. Preuschen 1903: 453, line 17) is simple: “Everyone who is sent by someone is an apostle of the one who sent him.” The concept involves legal and administrative aspects and is basic to all types of representatives, envoys, and ambassadors. In the area of Christian religion, the term “apostle” can refer to a messenger, human or divine, sent by God or Christ to reveal messages or to reveal the message of the gospel. Origen’s definition, although later, is grounded in the NT itself; e.g., John 13:16: “Truly, truly I say to you, a servant is not greater than his master; nor is he who is sent greater than the one who sent him” (cf. also Matt 10:40–42; Gal 4:14). More specific is the definition given in Acts 1:21–22, according to which an apostle must be “one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, beginning from the baptism of John until the day when he was taken up from us …” Paul mentions (2 Cor 12:12; cf. Rom 15:19; Acts 5:12) the practice of the apostle legitimating himself by “the signs of the apostle” (ta sēmeia tou apostolou): i.e., “by signs and miracles and wondrous deeds.” In the Petrine traditions, the task of the apostle is seen as transmitting the words of the prophets and of Jesus to the church (2 Pet 3:2; cf. the prophetic function of the apostles in Jude 17). Paul did not conform to any of these definitions, a fact that explains his position as an outsider and the difficulties he had obtaining recognition.
I was not loking for a open book chose your own meaning but the foundation of the word "sent one" (apostolos) Not what they are sent with .It is not of them .
Origen hit the nail on the head
The basic definition given by Origen (Jo. 32.17, ed. Preuschen 1903: 453, line 17) is simple: “Everyone who is sent by someone is an apostle of the one who sent him.” The concept involves legal and administrative aspects and is basic to all types of representatives, envoys, and ambassadors. In the area of Christian religion, the term “apostle” can refer to a messenger, human or divine, sent by God or Christ to reveal messages or to reveal the message of the gospel.
Was Moses a apostle? or Abraham ? Abel ?
Why seek after a bewildering range of applications of the title of apostle. How would that change what they do?
Why 12 out of the 27 listed? Sent one must represent something. Their feet are beautiful.