Long post warning!
In Hebrews 7 we learn Jesus in Heaven receives tithes...
Rather than simply blast this assertion as hogwash, I've been trying to make sense of it, so I did some searching...
Hebrews 7 talks about Melchizedek, who is only mentioned in three passages: Genesis 14, Psalm 110, and Hebrews 5-7. He is called, "king of Salem, and priest of God Most High” both in Genesis and Hebrews 7. This sounds like Jesus... but don't stop there.
Let's look at the second part of Heb. 7:3, talking about Melchizedek:
NIV “like the Son of God he remains a priest of God forever.”
KJV “but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually.”
NASB “ but made like the Son of God, he remains a priest perpetually.”
The key word here seems to be 'like'. It denotes a simile, a comparative device, rather than a definite designation, 'this
is that'. So, Melchizedek is
like Jesus. The trouble with dropping the 'like' and concluding that Melchizedek
is Jesus is found in the first part of the verse which says, “without father or mother or genealogy,” as Jesus has all three clearly identified in scripture.
Moving on... verses 13-14 “He of whom these things are said belonged to a different tribe, and no one from that tribe has ever served at the altar. For it is clear that our Lord descended from Judah...” (NIV)
This also might seem to say that Jesus
is Melchizedek, but that is not clear; and being unclear on this matter makes it poor support for the assertion in question. What is clear is that Jesus's priesthood is not like that of Levi.
But then, who is Melchizedek? There are several options: Melchizedek is...
- God the Father, Who stated (in Ps. 110) that Jesus is a priest forever in the order of ... God (Who truly has no genealogy). However, no-one has seen God (1 Tim. 6:16), and there is no scripture saying the Father is a priest.
- A pre-incarnate appearance of Jesus, and Jesus is a priest forever in the order of... himself.
- An angel or other heavenly being. There is no scriptural support for this.
- A mysterious man who didn't descend from Adam, who was never born nor died; a special creation apart from Adam. There is no scriptural support for this either.
- A regular man in a special position about whom the Bible says little (by design).
I prefer either the second or last options, but I'm not settled on this, and there may be other options which haven't occurred to me. The pre-incarnate Christ had no genealogy, beginning or ending (at the time of Abraham), so it's possible, but it leaves an awkward circular reasoning which doesn't sit well with Jesus' being "the same yesterday, today and forever' (Hebrews 13:8). In any case, it is certainly
not crystal-clear that Melchizedek
is Jesus.
On to the second part of the statement, “... in heaven.” Whoever Melchizedek is, he was on earth when he collected from Abraham, and the passage doesn't say that he continues to collect from Abraham.
Let's keep going to the last part, “receives tithes,” looking carefully at the subject, context, and tenses in the passage.
(NIV) Hebrews 7:4 “Just think how great he was (past tense): Even the patriarch Abraham gave (past) him a tenth of the plunder!”
5 “Now the law requires (present) the descendants of Levi who become (present) priests to collect (present) a tenth from the people...”
6 “This man, however, did not (past) trace his descent from Levi, yet he collected (past) a tenth from Abraham and blessed (past) him who had the promises.
7 “And without doubt the lesser person is blessed (present) by the greater.”
8 “In the one case, the tenth is collected (present) by men who die; but in the other, (no verb) by him who is declared (present) to be living (present).”
9 “One might even say that Levi, who collects (present) the tenth, paid (past) the tenth through Abraham,”
10 “because when Melchizedek met (past) Abraham, Levi was (past) still in body of his ancestor.”
The subject of the passage is stated in v. 4: the greatness of Melchizedek, to whose priesthood that of Jesus is compared. The context is the priesthood of Jesus in the rest of the chapter after v. 12. It's not primarily about tithing.
The writer uses present tense for the Law in v. 5 and 9a, and for the general statement in v. 7. He uses past tense when discussing Melchizedek's interaction with Abraham. The sticky part is verse 8, where the case of Levi is contrasted with that of Melchizedek. Given that the rest of the passage clearly identifies Levi's collection in past tense, it is illogical to conclude that Melchizedek's collection is present-continual where Levi's is not.
By the way, verse 8 is not a doctrinal statement about tithing generally; to conclude that it is such is to rend the verse from its context. The chapter certainly does not support tithing by Christians, saying absolutely nothing of the sort. Verses 12 and 19 make clear that the Law has no further hold.
In summary:
- “Jesus (in the guise of Melchizedek)” - shown to be uncertain at best;
- “in Heaven” - refuted on the basis of Melchizedek's location at the time;
- “receives tithes” - refuted on the basis of verb tense and context.
I submit that the assertion “Jesus in Heaven receives tithes” is not defensible and should be dropped.