1 Thess 5: 23
It is inferred from this verse that one has a soul and spirit.
1. The words, "spirit" ("pneuma") and "soul" ("psuche") are used in
a variety of ways in Scripture. However, they are never referred to
as conscious immortal entities within man.
2. It is likely that in the passage under consideration by "spirit" is
meant "mind"2, and by "soul" is meant "life". The expression, "spirit
and soul and body" is synonymous with the whole person. Consider
the following:
a) Spirit, soul and body are synonymous with the whole person
since the preceding words, "And the very God of peace sanctify
you wholly" imply a parallelism between the two expressions.
b) The word "spirit" is used elsewhere by the Apostle Paul as synonymous
with the "mind". For example:
i) "For I verily, as absent in body, but present in spirit . . . "
(1 Cor. 5:3).
Matt 10: 28
This passage is cited by Pentecostals and Evangelicals as the
foundation proof that man is really an indestructible soul
clothed with an earthly body.
1. "Rather fear him which is able to destroy1 both body and soul in hell"
is proof that the soul is destructible and therefore, not immortal.
2. Since both soul and body can be destroyed in hell ("Gehenna"—the
garbage dump outside the walls of Jerusalem), this indicates that the
soul is as destructible as the body since both can be destroyed in the
same place. Is this what the immortal soulist wants from this passage?
3. What is meant by "not able to kill the soul"? Simply, "Fear not (for
an instant) them which kill the body, but are not able to destroy you
utterly and finally." For the disciple, his life is "hid with Christ in
God" (Col. 3:3) and although men may kill the body, in the resurrection
the life will be given back to the body. (See Col. 3:4).
4. The Greek word, "psuche" translated "soul" in this verse has the
meaning of "life". In Matt. 16:25, "psuche" is translated "life": "For
whosoever shall save his life ["psuche"] shall lose it: and whosoever
will lose his life ["psuche"] for my sake shall find it."2 (In the R.S.V.
"psuche" is translated "life" in vs. 26: "For what will it profit a man,
if he gains the whole world and forfeits his life.") The similarity of
context suggests that "life" in Matt. 10:28 should be read for "soul".
Reference are:
1 It is sometimes argued that "destroy" means to "afflict" or "torment" but not to annihilate.
The Greek word, "apollu" translated "destroy" means to "destroy utterly". Ethelbert
W. Bullinger, A Critical Lexicon and Concordance to the English and Greek Testament,
(London: Samuel Bagster and Sons Ltd., 1957), p. 220. There is not the slightest suggestion
of torment in any of the places where "apollu" is translated "destroy" in the A.V.
(e.g. Matt. 2:13; 12:14; 21:41. 22:7; 27:20.).
2 Obviously if the words "immortal soul" were substituted for "life" in this reference,
the result would be absurd.