Key OT Teachings

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In Matt. 19:4-9 Jesus alluded to God's definition of marriage in Gen. 2:24 and in Matt. 19:18-19 to the moral commandments in Exo. 20:12-16 plus Lev. 19:18, all of which are already included in the list, but it should be noted what commandment was NOT cited by Jesus: the Sabbath Law (Exo. 20:8-11). In Matt. 21:4-5 a passage is cited that is not in our list, Zech. 9:9, so it will be added.

Zech. 9:9. "O Daughter of Zion, your king comes to you righteous and having salvation,
gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey...
He will proclaim peace to the nations; His rule will extend from sea to sea."

It is interesting that where this prophecy is cited in Matt. 21:4-5, the phrases "righteous and having salvation"
and "He will proclaim peace to the nations" are omitted, which seems odd given their apparent significance,
which Paul stressed in Rom. 3:21-5:1 and Eph. 2:11-18.
 
In Matt. 21:13 Jesus cited Isa. 56:7b and alluded to Jer. 7:11, so these will be added:

Isa. 56:7b. "My house will be called a house of prayer for all nations."

The preceding verses in Isa. 56 say that foreigners who love the Lord and obey His covenant will be accepted, given an everlasting name (Phil. 2:9-11) and not cut off (cf. Rom. 11:11-24), whereas Jer. 7:11 condemns Jews who do not repent of sinning and making the Lord's house a den of robbers. These passages were cited by Jesus in Matt. 21:13, although he did not include the reference to all nations.
 
In Matt. 21:16 Jesus cited Psa. 8:2a as justification for children in the temple area shouting "Hosanna to the Son of David",
referring to himself, so it will be added.

Psa. 8:2a. "From the lips of children and infants you have ordained praise."

This verse is cited by Jesus in Matt. 21:16 in reply to the chief priests and teachers of the law being upset by children in the temple area shouting "Hosanna to the Son of David!" The verse refers to very young and therefore innocent children praising God, which would be by shouting "hallelujah", meaning "praise the Lord", whereas "hosanna" means "O Lord, save us", as in Psa. 118:25.

However, the children in Matt. 21:15 apparently were echoing what their parents shouted as Jesus entered Jerusalem in Matt. 21:9, "Hosanna to the Son of David!", which was an appellation for Messiah/Christ, as in Matt. 22:41-42 (cf. Matt. 12:23). In Matt. 22:43 Jesus identified Messiah as the Lord (cf. Luke 2:11).
 
In Matt. 21:42 Jesus cited Psa. 118:22-23 as justification for God transferring His kingdom from the Jews who reject Jesus as Messiah to people who will accept Him and produce spiritual fruit. Thus, this passage will be added:

Psa. 118:22-23. "The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone; the Lord has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes."
Verse 22 is also quoted in Acts 4:11, saying that salvation is founded in no one else. Isa. 28:16 refers to the Lord's stone as the cornerstone for a sure foundation (which Peter cited in 1Pet. 2:6) but also says in Isa. 8:14 that it is a rock that causes men to stumble, (which Paul cited in Rom. 9:32).

It is tragic that the one God has ordained to be the keystone (cf. Eph. 1:9-10 & 3:6, Col. 1:18-20, Phil. 2:9-11) is rejected by many who claim to be theists, and it is ironic that this gemstone, which is the foundation and cornerstone of ultimate reality (Eph. 2:20), is the stumbling-stone (1Pet. 2:7-8) to saving faith for many souls (1Cor. 1:22-25).
 
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