You selected some verses and published them, but did not come to a conclusion. So my answer is general and not pointed directly at your OP.
In Genesis 1:26-28 God stated His council with man. Man was (i) to be in His image and likeness, and (ii) he was to sudue and then rule the earth, sea and sky. This council is immutable. God is omnipotent so He cannot be swerved from His councils. God's Adversary seemed at first to have thwarted God's plan. Both Adam and Noah, with their descendants, failed. So God started a new line of men from an Assyrian, Abraham. A Covenant was made in which Abraham, and his male seed as sand of the sea-shore in number, were to be circumcised and in return God would give them a piece of Land with defined borders - Canaan. After Abraham displayed multiple acts of considerable faith, God enlarge the Promise by promising additional seed "as stars of the night sky" who would inherit the whole world (Rom.4:13).
The subject of how a fallen man is changed into the image of God is a lengthy one and would burst the bounds of this posting. Your verses addressed more the second purpose, the subduing and ruling. God sent His only begotten Son to offer Israel co-kingship with Christ when He set up His Kingdom on earth. So up to this time there were TWO peoples on earth - the NATIONS, or Gentiles, and the Nation of Israel. Israel refused this offer, and following their established history of killing the prophets that God sent to them, killed God's Son Jesus. The heavenly Kingdom that our Lord planned to set up with Israel is ripped from Israel (Matt.21:43). In Israel's stead God starts to build a New Creation of men who will be counted worthy of administering this coming Kingdom. It is called the "Ekklesia" - "the gathering of the called-out ones". There were now THREE different peoples on earth. (i) The Gentiles, (ii) Israel and (iii) the Church.
But there was a problem. The Church, largely made of Gentiles, did not fall under the Covenant of Promise seeing as they were no seed of Abraham. God's solution is a simple as it is clever. The solution lies in Genesis 1:11-12. Every thing having seed within itself would produce its own kind. Adam, beofre he inseminated Eve to bring forth Cain, had, in his loins, the seed that would bring forth every other human ever to be conceived. So 1st Corinthians 15:22 says that IN Adam all men die. Before he ever had a child, Adam's nature was permanently and intrinsically changed. Him having the death sentence IN him, made sure that every seed of his would be LIKE that. With that rule established, our Lord Jesus comes onto the scene with a NEW BIRTH - one by the Holy Spirit (Jn.3:3-6). And this New Birth would produce a New Man with a NEW NATURE (2nd Pet.1:4). And because Jesus is the Spirit that brings forth this New Man.
Ephesians 2:15 say;
"Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; for to make IN himself of twain one new man, so making peace."
Our Lord Jesus is likened to a Grain of Wheat in John 12:24. That is, every one IN Jesus is a similar grain of wheat. And so, by being IN Christ just like fallen men were IN Adam, the problem of Abraham's seed is solved. Not only is Jesus the Son of God, in which case He imparts the divine life we read about in 2nd Peter 1:4, but He is Seed of Abraham by human birth and thus imparts sonship to Abraham to the same people. This is clearly said in Galatians 2:29.
If we examine this process of getting men and women to be sons of Abraham through Christ in the verses you brought from
Ephesians 2:11-19, a number of very cleverly constructed movements are revealed. Here is the text from the KJV.
11 "Wherefore remember, that ye being in time past Gentiles in the flesh, who are called Uncircumcision by that which is called the Circumcision in the flesh made by hands;
12 That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world:
13 But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ.
14 For he is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down the middle wall of partition between us;
15 Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, so making peace;
16 And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity thereby:
17 And came and preached peace to you which were afar off, and to them that were nigh.
18 For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father.
19 Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God"
In verse 11 the fact that we Gentiles were "UN-circumcised" means that we did not have part in the Covenant of Promise.
In verse 12 we Gentile are aliens to the COMMONWEALTH of Israel. Now, "Commonwealth" does not mean being part of the nation. It means how the nation deals politically and economically with IT'S RESIDENTS. So in verse 13-14 we Gentiles are NOT made Israelites, but are made BENEFICIARIES of their privileges. But another problem remained.
In verse 15, the Law, a Covenant given 430 years later to Israel, prohibits relations with Gentiles. So THIS COVENANT is abolished - NOT for Israel, BUT for the NEW MAN.
With our New Birth by the Holy Spirit the Gentiles do NOT become Israelites (for that is by a birth from the womb), but we become "fellow citizens". "Citizen" is a LEGAL STATUS, not one by birth. The end effect of all of this is as follows:
- The Kingdom, or "the whole world -Rom.4:13" is given to the seed of Abraham who are "stars", or heavenly
- These "stars" become stars by a Birth FROM ABOVE
- But these "stars" are made HEIRS to Abraham's inheritance by being IN Christ
- The "stars" are NOT made Israelites, but are made part of the Commonwealth by citizenship
- The Gentile "stars" cannot be discriminated against by the LAW because for this New Man the Covenant of Law died with Christ
- This makes a Gentile Believer absolutely EQUAL to an Israelite Believer
And for the Israelite who does NOT BELIEVE, he continues in the old way with BOTH Covenants. He will finally get his Land of Canaan, because God's Promises are immutable, BUT he does not inherit the world via the Kingdom that Christ sets up on earth when He comes. When scripture says in Romans 11 that "ALL" Israel will be saved, it pertains to the Land of Canaan. This is beautifully seen in the prophecy of Zachariah at the end of Luke Chapter 1. "ALL" Israel get Canaan and live with Jesus their King in Jerusalem.
The NEW MAN, in which ethnicity falls away - "there is NEITHER Jew NOR Greek" - gets to inherit the whole earth (Lk.19:17-19).
And thus, all your verses in the OP are reconciled. Just one point remains to be made. If a man becomes a "seed of Abraham" via the COMMONWEALTH and CITIZENSHIP, should he not be circumcised? YES! BUT ... God changes the cutting off of the foreskin to the cutting off of the whole body. Circumcision is a "sign" (Rom.4:11), so instead of the Christian dying, he is to also give a "sign" of having entered the Covenant of Promise. This sign is BAPTISM - the symbolic killing of the WHOLE BODY (Rom.6:1-5; Col.2:10-12).
