The Lord then punished David for numbering Israel after David said he felt guilty for doing so.
2 Samuel 24 The Lord’s anger again raged against Israel, and he incited David against them, saying, “Go count Israel and Judah.” [a]
FOOTNOTE
[a] sn The parallel text in
1 Chr 21:1 says, “An adversary opposed Israel, inciting David to count how many warriors Israel had.” The Samuel version gives an underlying theological perspective, while the Chronicler simply describes what happened from a human perspective. The adversary in
1 Chr 21:1 is likely a human enemy, probably a nearby nation whose hostility against Israel pressured David into numbering the people so he could assess his military strength. See the note at
1 Chr 21:1.
Then with respect to that we have this passage and seen in the 2 Samuel footnote.
1 Chronicles 21:1
An adversary[a] opposed[b] Israel, inciting David to count how many warriors Israel had.[c]
Footnote:
[a] 1 Chronicles 21:1 tn Or “Satan.” ....
Speaking of harmonizing scripture how does one harmonize two different accounts of David's being told to count Israel. First God, then Satan? The 2 Samuel 24 [a] footnote says the chronicler is simply telling what happened from a human perspective. And then says the adversary in 1 Chronicles account could be a mortal person. How does that apply when 2nd Samuel precedes Chronicles 1?And also has Samuel's account as that of God asking David to number Israel. (take a census) God then levy's David's choice of punishment for having done that what we're told God asked him to do, number Israel, in the first verses.
How then is it a human who may be the one referred to in 1 Chronicles of this account if the 2nd Samuel has it as God?
Exodus 30:11The Ransom Money
[t] The Lord spoke to Moses,[u] 12 “When you take a census[v] of the Israelites according to their number,[w] then each man is to pay a ransom[x] for his life to the Lord when you number them,[y] so that there will be no plague among them when you number them. 13 Everyone who crosses over to those who are numbered[z] is to pay this: a half shekel[aa] according to the shekel of the sanctuary[ab] (a shekel weighs twenty gerahs). The half shekel is to be an offering[ac] to the Lord. 14 Everyone who crosses over to those numbered, from twenty years old and up, is to pay an offering to the Lord. 15 The rich are not to pay more and the poor are not to pay less than the half shekel when giving[ad] the offering of the Lord, to make atonement[ae] for your lives. 16 You are to receive the atonement money[af] from the Israelites and give it for the service[ag] of the tent of meeting. It will be a memorial[ah] for the Israelites before the Lord, to make atonement[ai] for your lives.”