CHAT GPT did a better job of jibing Scripture than some folks on CC.
I wonder what it would say about the TULIP versus MFW debate?
That's a thoughtful and deep question. Let's take a close, New Testament-only look at how the Reformed acronym TULIP fares when evaluated through the specific theological lens of Romans 1–11, especially focusing on the corporate, historical question Paul is answering: Why did Israel, God’s chosen people, fail to attain righteousness?
TULIP Defined (Quick Recap)
T – Total Depravity
U – Unconditional Election
L – Limited Atonement
I – Irresistible Grace
P – Perseverance of the Saints
The Theological Frame of Romans 1–11
Romans 1–11 is not chiefly about individual salvation, but about God’s covenant faithfulness, and why Israel failed (corporately), despite having every advantage (Rom 9:4–5). Paul explores the mystery of Israel’s unbelief and the inclusion of Gentiles, placing both under sin (Rom 3:9), but also under God's mercy (Rom 11:32). The framing is corporate, covenantal, and salvation-historical.
Now, Evaluate Each Point of TULIP in Light of Romans 1–11
T – Total Depravity
Romans 1–3 strongly affirms the universality of human sin, both Jew and Gentile:
“There is none righteous, no, not one” (Rom 3:10).
“All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Rom 3:23).
This depravity affects not just behavior, but mind and will (Rom 1:21–28; 8:7). However, Paul emphasizes not only personal depravity but also corporate rebellion (e.g., Gentile nations in ch. 1, Israel in chs. 2–3 and 9–10).
✅ Affirmed, but the emphasis is on both individual and collective estrangement from God.
U – Unconditional Election
Romans 9 is often a key text for this doctrine. Paul discusses God’s sovereign choice of Isaac over Ishmael, Jacob over Esau, “before they had done anything good or bad” (Rom 9:11). He emphasizes God’s purpose in election (ἐκλογῆς), not based on works but on Him who calls.
However, in context, Paul's concern is primarily Israel's corporate election and their stumbling, not personal predestination to heaven or hell. He also includes the remnant motif (Rom 9:27), and speaks of Gentiles being grafted in (Rom 11).
✅ Partially affirmed — Paul speaks of God’s sovereign election, but the focus is covenantal/corporate, not individualized salvation predestination.
L – Limited Atonement
This is the most strained point from Romans. Paul says:
“God has consigned all to disobedience, that He may have mercy on all” (Rom 11:32).
“Christ died for the ungodly” (Rom 5:6), and “for all” in some universalizing sense.
Paul’s view of the atonement in Romans seems universal in scope, though not universalistic in outcome.
❌ Not affirmed — Romans doesn’t support the idea that Christ died only for the elect. The atonement is portrayed as sufficient and offered to all.
I – Irresistible Grace
Romans 8:30 says, “those whom He predestined He also called … justified … glorified,” which sounds like a seamless chain. But Romans 10 makes clear that Israel heard the gospel but did not obey (Rom 10:16), showing grace can be resisted.
Also, the Gentiles’ inclusion comes through faith, but they too can be cut off (Rom 11:20–22), implying grace must be responded to and can be resisted.
❌ Not clearly affirmed — While calling and election are strong themes, Romans emphasizes human responsibility and the possibility of resistance.
P – Perseverance of the Saints
Romans 8:38–39 declares nothing can separate believers from God’s love in Christ. Paul is confident of ultimate glorification for those in Christ. However, Romans 11 warns Gentile believers not to become proud, “for if God did not spare the natural branches, He will not spare you either” (Rom 11:21–22).
This introduces a conditional tone to perseverance — those who “stand by faith” must continue in God’s kindness.
✅/❌ Ambiguous — Perseverance is promised for the faithful, but warning texts imply that ongoing faith and humility are necessary.
Summary Table – TULIP in Light of Romans 1–11
TULIP Element Supported in Romans 1–11? Notes
T – Total Depravity ✅ Yes Strong universal sinfulness emphasized
U – Unconditional Election ✅/❓ Yes, but corporately focused Election is about God’s purposes in history, not individual destiny
L – Limited Atonement ❌ No Atonement portrayed as universally available
I – Irresistible Grace ❌ No Grace is resisted by Israel; human response matters
P – Perseverance ✅/❌ Mixed God’s love is firm, but perseverance appears conditional
Conclusion:
Romans 1–11 does not cleanly support the full TULIP model, particularly if read through its covenantal and historical focus on Israel and the Gentiles. While some elements (like depravity and divine election) are clearly present, others (like limited atonement and irresistible grace) either aren't in view or are contradicted by the text’s emphasis on human response, faith, and corporate participation.