There is also another parable that gets even more specific than this, the parable of the wicked tenants. Matthew 21:33-46
33 “Hear another parable. There was a householder who planted a vineyard, and set a hedge around it, and dug a wine press in it, and built a tower, and let it out to tenants, and went into another country. 34 When the season of fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the tenants, to get his fruit; 35 and the tenants took his servants and beat one, killed another, and stoned another. 36 Again he sent other servants, more than the first; and they did the same to them. 37 Afterward he sent his son to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ 38 But when the tenants saw the son, they said to themselves, ‘This is the heir; come, let us kill him and have his inheritance.’ 39 And they took him and cast him out of the vineyard, and killed him. 40 When therefore the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those tenants?” 41 They said to him, “He will put those wretches to a miserable death, and let out the vineyard to other tenants who will give him the fruits in their seasons.”
42 Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the scriptures:
‘The very stone which the builders rejected
has become the head of the corner;
this was the Lord’s doing,
and it is marvelous in our eyes’?
43 Therefore I tell you, the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a nation producing the fruits of it.”
45 When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard his parables, they perceived that he was speaking about them. 46 But when they tried to arrest him, they feared the multitudes, because they held him to be a prophet.
This is pretty clear down to the Pharisees understanding the He was talking about them. This is also exactly what happen at the end of the AGE that Jesus told them was coming before THAT generation pasted away. That happened within 40 years of when He said it when Rome invaded and torn down the temple, not one brick left on another. It all happened EXACTLY how He said it would, EXACTLY when He said it would and for some reason we have created this "future to us" idea that frankly makes Jesus either wrong or a liar.
He's not, but if you buy into the idea that everything Jesus said would happen "before this (the generation He was speaking to) generation passed away, that he told "there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom", or when He said "When they persecute you in one town, flee to the next, for truly, I say to you, you will not have gone through all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes", even strange little things like on the way to the cross when he tells the weeping women not to cry for Him, but to cry for THIER children, then you have to think He was wrong or lying. If there's another logical reason I haven't heard it.
The point I'm making is that I agree these parables are about Israel and the future relationship with God. Many call this the "replacement theory", which I don't agree with. I just like to call it the "plan from the beginning".
Replacement Theory makes it seem like it means that the Jews are "replaced", when that couldn't be further from the truth. I know a TON of Jewish Christians. They are no more "cut off" than anyone else. What I do not agree with is this idea that God has some other way for the Jews in the future. That the current earthly "Israel" that reject and hate Jesus and His people, are still "God's chosen" in the same way. They were "chosen to bring forth the Messiah. Guess what? They did. Now He is the ONLY way and no one comes to the Father but through Him. Just like these parables are saying, the tree didn't produce fruit so was cut down and a new tree was planted. The branches of that tree can be grafted in, but I don't say that in boasting and self righteous arrogance, because my branch can be pruned off still as well. The end of the AGE that Jesus spoke of was the end of the Mosaic sacrificial system. Now "a Jew is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the letter. His praise is not from man but from God".