There was no need for the disciples to have the Holy Spirit inside them when they had the Bridegroom physically among them, just as there was no need for a phone call when the person you wish to speak to is right beside you. However when Jesus left them He sent the Holy Spirit to them as He did in the past to the Prophets and those who were faithful to God throughout ALL of time.
OT believers were BORN AGAIN. they received a NEW Heart and a NEW Spirit to replace their hearts of stone and allowed them to worship God in Spirit and truth.
here are some more verses where GOD FILLED them with HIS SPIRIT we have Bezalel, Daniel, :
Exodus 31:2-4
New King James Version (NKJV)
2 “See, I have called by name Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. 3 And I have filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding, in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship, 4 to design artistic works, to work in gold, in silver, in bronze,
Daniel 4:9
“Belteshazzar, chief of the magicians, because I know that the Spirit of the Holy God is in you, and no secret troubles you, explain to me the visions of my dream that I have seen, and its interpretation.
I'll include this one too:
Malachi 3
13 And this is the second thing you do:
You cover the altar of the Lord with tears,
With weeping and crying;
So He does not regard the offering anymore,
Nor receive it with goodwill from your hands.
14 Yet you say, “For what reason?”
Because the Lord has been witness
Between you and the wife of your youth,
With whom you have dealt treacherously;
Yet she is your companion
And your wife by covenant.
15 But did He not make them one,
Having a remnant of the Spirit?
And why one?
He seeks godly offspring.
Therefore take heed to your spirit,
And let none deal treacherously with the wife of his youth.