These verses are at its core descriptive and most certainly not prescriptive.
You are attempting to negate Acts 2:38 with a description of a one-time supernatural manifestation in Caesarea.
What happened in Caesarea does not annul the clear commands of repentance and water baptism in Acts 2:38.
What happened in that house in Caesarea was a one-time physical supernatural manifestation of the Holy Spirit and cannot and is not duplicated afterward.
Calling Acts 10 "descriptive" doesn't solve the problem, because Peter gives the doctrinal interpretation of the event in Acts 15:9:
"God purified their hearts by faith."
That's not a one‑time manifestation. That's Peter explaining how God saves Gentiles & Peter explicitly identifies the event in Acts 10 as Holy Spirit baptism (Acts 11:15–16), which Jesus Himself defined in Acts 1:5. That's not an anomaly. That's the same baptism Jesus promised for all believers.
This is exactly the salvation sequence Paul teaches for the entire church age:
When you HEARD the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation & BELIEVED, you were SEALED with the Holy Spirit” (Eph 1:13). Hear > Believe > Receive the Holy Spirit. That is the universal pattern.
Acts 10 is not an exception, it's the narrative demonstration of the doctrinal pattern Paul later explains.
So the question still stands:
Which baptism actually marks the moment of salvation in the narrative, the one Jesus performs with the Holy Spirit in Acts 10:44, or the water baptism Peter performs afterward in Acts 10:47?
You can't say "both," because the text gives the order. You can't say "water," because Peter says God had already purified them (Acts 15:9). And you can't say "neither," because the Spirit's arrival is the seal of salvation (Eph 1:13, 2 Cor 1:22, 5:5).
Acts 10 doesn't negate Acts 2:38, it clarifies it. Peter preached Acts 2:38 to Jews using Jewish purification categories. But when Gentiles believe, God shows the order plainly:
Hear > Believe > Receive the Holy Spirit > Water baptism.
Peter still leads them to water because baptism is the public identification with Jesus as Messiah & not the moment God grants remission.