This is a popular doctrine taught by William Branham, that Jesus's letters to the seven churches are a timeline of the entire church age (also known as "age of grace") from His ascension to His return, the seven churches in Rev. 2-3 symbolize seven "church eras" in church history, dominated by seven dominant zeitgeists; specifically, they are characterized as the loveless (also legalistic) church; persecuted church; compromised church; corrupt church; dead church; faithful church; lukewarm church. William Branham matches them to the apostalic early church; persecuted Roman church; Roman state church; the Catholic/medieval church; the protestant/Enlightenment church; the missionary/colonial church; the rich apostate/modern day church, respectively.
I think there're some profound truth in that. First of all, these seven churches were seven real historical churches in ancient Asia Minor (which is modern day Turkey), they were in full swing at apostle John's time, Jesus judged the seven guardian angels of those seven churches in those seven letters, that's the primary interpretion based on the historical context. The question is how far can we stretch from there in the additional layers of interpretation. It is a common consensus that these seven churches are also seven archetypes of churches that co-exist all the time, throughout the entire church age, and this church age is known as the "times of the Gentiles", in which Jews are dominated by the Gentiles, and the gospel is also primarily preached by the Gentiles and to the Gentiles, it will be preached to all nations on earth. Both Jesus and Paul taught about it, and we're near the end of it.
See! Your house is left to you desolate; for I say to you, you shall see Me no more till you say, ‘Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!’ ” (Matt. 23:38-39)
And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a witness to all the nations, and then the end will come. (Matt. 24:14)
And they will fall by the edge of the sword, and be led away captive into all nations. And Jerusalem will be trampled by Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. (Lk. 21:24)
For I do not desire, brethren, that you should be ignorant of this mystery, lest you should be wise in your own opinion, that blindness in part has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. (Rom. 11:25)
When He opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slain for the word of God and for the testimony which they held. And they cried with a loud voice, saying, “How long, O Lord, holy and true, until You judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?” Then a white robe was given to each of them; and it was said to them that they should rest a little while longer, until both the number of their fellow servants and their brethren, who would be killed as they were, was completed. (Rev. 6:9-11)
This is also hinted in the context of the seven letters - "Write the things which you have seen, and the things which are, and the things which will take place after this." (Rev. 1:19) In the context of the book of Revelation, "the things which are", also "what you see" (Rev. 1:11) is the times of the gentiles and the end of it, "the things which will take place after this" is the millennial kingdom and the New Jerusalem.
But is the church age divided into seven eras symbolized by the seven churches, and there's one overarching, dominant zeitgeist for each era? Not really. As mentioned above, these seven churches are seven types of churches, and they co-exist all the time, throughout the entire church age, just as those original seven churches co-existed in Asia Minor. The lukewarm church might be the dominant kind of church in America, but not all over the world, you've got other kinds of churches in other countries such as underground home churches. However, it is a very helpful teaching tool to study the church age from the perspective of these seven historic eras for the purpose of learning church history, just like using the doctrine of "seven deadly sins" as a teaching tool to understand what sin is, even though they were not directly and explicitly named in the bible. Branham's mistake was to have made up different messages and different spirits for each era. Zeitgeist changes, but the Holy Spirit doesn't, the gospel message stays the same.
I think there're some profound truth in that. First of all, these seven churches were seven real historical churches in ancient Asia Minor (which is modern day Turkey), they were in full swing at apostle John's time, Jesus judged the seven guardian angels of those seven churches in those seven letters, that's the primary interpretion based on the historical context. The question is how far can we stretch from there in the additional layers of interpretation. It is a common consensus that these seven churches are also seven archetypes of churches that co-exist all the time, throughout the entire church age, and this church age is known as the "times of the Gentiles", in which Jews are dominated by the Gentiles, and the gospel is also primarily preached by the Gentiles and to the Gentiles, it will be preached to all nations on earth. Both Jesus and Paul taught about it, and we're near the end of it.
See! Your house is left to you desolate; for I say to you, you shall see Me no more till you say, ‘Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!’ ” (Matt. 23:38-39)
And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a witness to all the nations, and then the end will come. (Matt. 24:14)
And they will fall by the edge of the sword, and be led away captive into all nations. And Jerusalem will be trampled by Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. (Lk. 21:24)
For I do not desire, brethren, that you should be ignorant of this mystery, lest you should be wise in your own opinion, that blindness in part has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. (Rom. 11:25)
When He opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slain for the word of God and for the testimony which they held. And they cried with a loud voice, saying, “How long, O Lord, holy and true, until You judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?” Then a white robe was given to each of them; and it was said to them that they should rest a little while longer, until both the number of their fellow servants and their brethren, who would be killed as they were, was completed. (Rev. 6:9-11)
This is also hinted in the context of the seven letters - "Write the things which you have seen, and the things which are, and the things which will take place after this." (Rev. 1:19) In the context of the book of Revelation, "the things which are", also "what you see" (Rev. 1:11) is the times of the gentiles and the end of it, "the things which will take place after this" is the millennial kingdom and the New Jerusalem.
But is the church age divided into seven eras symbolized by the seven churches, and there's one overarching, dominant zeitgeist for each era? Not really. As mentioned above, these seven churches are seven types of churches, and they co-exist all the time, throughout the entire church age, just as those original seven churches co-existed in Asia Minor. The lukewarm church might be the dominant kind of church in America, but not all over the world, you've got other kinds of churches in other countries such as underground home churches. However, it is a very helpful teaching tool to study the church age from the perspective of these seven historic eras for the purpose of learning church history, just like using the doctrine of "seven deadly sins" as a teaching tool to understand what sin is, even though they were not directly and explicitly named in the bible. Branham's mistake was to have made up different messages and different spirits for each era. Zeitgeist changes, but the Holy Spirit doesn't, the gospel message stays the same.