Hermeneutics: Interpreting Scripture

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If not, then recent posts on other threads lead me to now propose a systematic study of Acts 2 for the purpose of learning how to harmonize verses 4 & 38 with NT teaching that does not support viewing tongues as the sign of spirit baptism (SB) or water baptism (WB) as essential for salvation.

How shall we begin?
 
Actually, recent posts on other threads prompts me to invite PT and anyone else to critique the content of our website
<truthseekersfellowship.com> in order to see whether any corrections need to be made.

Lesson 1 on The Best Belief begins thusly in Part I:

My reason for writing this lesson is simply to share my fallible faith with others, hoping they will find what I have learned helpful for understanding ultimate truth. I am grateful to all people—famous philosophers and anonymous acquaintances—who have helped shape my beliefs.

I believe reality is interconnected or unified, so that it is not necessary to worry about where to start exploring, but I will begin by asking the following philosophical question: Is there some truth which is not debatable; which everyone believes at least implicitly and uses as a common point of departure in discussing ultimate reality?

I think there is such axiomatic truth, because in order to study reality it appears that one must (logically or implicitly) begin by assuming at least the reality of the student. Thus, absolute skepticism in philosophy is like absolute zero in physics: it serves as a hypothetical point that is not actually achieved or else nothing would happen (even in ice :).

An “ism” affirms some valid part of reality. The truth represented by skepticism is that finite human beings cannot know absolutely, infallibly, perfectly or objectively. I find this truth expressed by the apostle Paul in the NT book of 1Cor. 13:9&12, “We know in part . . . We see but a poor reflection” (as in a fogged mirror).

The element of uncertainty does not prevent would-be skeptics from talking as if knowledge with some degree of confidence were possible the moment they attempt to communicate their doubts. An agnostic has “certain” assumptions at least implicitly: that truth is believable, rational and meaningful, even though unprovable or subjective.

These three affirmations seem to be a priori truth or unavoidable (beginning) beliefs:

1. Truth or reality exists. The classic expression of this belief was by Rene Descartes (d.1650): cogito ergo sum: “I think, therefore I am” (cf. Rodin’s sculpture; thinking is believing). The OT says in Exo. 3:14 that God is “I am” (the essence of existence).

2. (Objective) reality is subjectively known by seekers. David Hume (d. 1776) was a notable proponent of this opinion, and 2Cor. 5:7 expresses this truth by saying, “We live by faith, not by sight” (or proof, cf. 1Cor. 13:9&12 cited previously).

3. Reality is meaningful and communicable or able to be discussed rationally in fellowship with other truthseekers. As Isaiah 1:18a (c.735 B.C.) says, “Come now, let us reason together.” Perhaps whoever invented language should be regarded as the founder of this fact, because the discussion of reality uses language as the means, and in order to communicate sufficiently for attaining agreement or unity, it is necessary to have a common language and cultural context. (I hope that as Earthlings using English these needs are met for you and me:)

Having established three unavoidable or axiomatic beliefs, my intent now is to discuss the logical point from which the varieties of beliefs extant in the world diverge. Only the first student or one with a tabula rasa (blank slate)—like a newly sentient child—actually starts exploring reality from the beginning. (A pre-sentient infant in the womb is completely agnostic or without knowledge of every ism.) Nevertheless, in Part II the present study “begins” in the midst of this writer’s life and learning by seeking to assume the position or condition of adult innocence (unprejudice/lack of bias).

Any feedback or constructive criticism so far?
 
Actually, upon reflection I should have made the invitation to critique Lesson 1 on the corresponding thread,
which is Apologetics, so if anyone wants to take me up on that invite, please reply on that thread. Thanks.
Sorry for the senior moment.

So, back to a study/discussion of Acts 2 in context with the gospels and epistles?
 
In Luke's second "book" of Acts, he wrote (in Acts 1:5) that the resurrected Jesus told his apostles, "John baptized with water,
but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit (HS)", which reflected what was said by John per Luke 3:16,
"I baptize you with water, but one more powerful than I will come... who will baptize you with the HS and with fire."

Then, in Acts 2:38 Luke quoted Peter as saying, "Repent and be baptized (every one of you) in the name of Jesus Christ
so that your sins may be forgiven, and you will receive the gift of the HS." And in Matthew 28:19, Jesus told the disciples,
"Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit."

The discrepancy between water baptism (WB) and Spirit baptism (SB) has caused confusion, as manifested by discussion in CC threads.

Can we reconcile or harmonize these two types of baptism by conducting a thorough or systematic study of the topic in light of the rest of the NT as context?
 
In Luke's second "book" of Acts, he wrote (in Acts 1:5) that the resurrected Jesus told his apostles, "John baptized with water,
but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit (HS)", which reflected what was said by John per Luke 3:16,
"I baptize you with water, but one more powerful than I will come... who will baptize you with the HS and with fire."

Then, in Acts 2:38 Luke quoted Peter as saying, "Repent and be baptized (every one of you) in the name of Jesus Christ
so that your sins may be forgiven, and you will receive the gift of the HS." And in Matthew 28:19, Jesus told the disciples,
"Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit."

The discrepancy between water baptism (WB) and Spirit baptism (SB) has caused confusion, as manifested by discussion in CC threads.

Can we reconcile or harmonize these two types of baptism by conducting a thorough or systematic study of the topic in light of the rest of the NT as context?

I find that Paul harmonizes WB & SB by teaching that when a sinner learns the NT Gospel of Christ, repents and confesses Jesus as Lord (Acts 20:21, Rom. 10:9), the Holy Spirit (HS) enters the convert’s heart (Rom. 5:5, Rev. 3:20), uniting them with God as heavenly Father (Rom. 8:9) and identifying them with Christ’s worldwide/catholic body or church (Col. 1:18), which moment is called spiritual rebirth (John 3:3-8) or “baptism by the Spirit” (1Cor. 12:13). Paul said there is only one baptism (Eph. 4:5) and that anyone without the HS is unsaved (Rom. 8:9), so we must view WB as a symbolic way of portraying baptism by the HS (SB).

Both outward confession and water baptism may be seen as works manifesting love for God that every new Believer may want to perform following his/her decision to have saving faith (cf. Matt. 3:13-15, Acts 2:38). Paul referred to the comparable moment for Abraham as spiritual circumcision. Although Paul administered WB for a few folks (in Acts 16:33, 18:8, 19:5 & 1Cor. 1:114-16), he said Christ did not send him to WB but to preach the gospel (1Cor. 1:17) of salvation via faith in Jesus (Rom. 3:21-5:1).
 
And because those who say WB is salvific also say speaking in tongues (SIT) indicates SB or filling,
perhaps it behooves us to see how NT statements regarding that work may be harmonized with Scripture
teaching that the sign of SB is love.

The original occurrence of SIT at Pentecost (in Acts 2:4-11) and for awhile longer was earthly languages given as a sign that fulfilled Joel 2:28-32 (cf. Isa. 28:11-12 cited in 1Cor.14:21), which reversed Babel and evangelized 3,000 people, thereby ensuring the planting of the first Christian church.

However, by the time of its occurrence in the church at Corinth apparently it had morphed into mere pagan-like babbling (cf. Matt. 6:9), which Paul neither quashed completely nor commanded, writing that the gift would cease (1Cor. 13:8-13) as love continued forever but also that he exercised it more than anyone (1Cor. 14:18), thereby causing confusion.

This confusion and apparent contradiction can be resolved by noting that if SIT were important it would be mentioned and even commanded in other epistles, so the absence of affirming SIT in other Pauline epistles speaks volumes. Thus, whenever SIT is claimed,
it is right to test whether it is genuine or pagan (1Thes. 5:21).

Certainly, if someone suddenly is enabled to speak an unlearned earthly language, that can be verified and considered miraculous,
but interpretation of babbling is impossible to verify. Thus, disagreement can continue regarding the occurrence of SIT, although
there is no Scriptural warrant for viewing it as signifying Spirit filling rather than love (John 13:35, 1John 4:7-21).
 
And because those who say WB is salvific also say speaking in tongues (SIT) indicates SB or filling,
perhaps it behooves us to see how NT statements regarding that work may be harmonized with Scripture
teaching that the sign of SB is love.

The original occurrence of SIT at Pentecost (in Acts 2:4-11) and for awhile longer was earthly languages given as a sign that fulfilled Joel 2:28-32 (cf. Isa. 28:11-12 cited in 1Cor.14:21), which reversed Babel and evangelized 3,000 people, thereby ensuring the planting of the first Christian church.

However, by the time of its occurrence in the church at Corinth apparently it had morphed into mere pagan-like babbling (cf. Matt. 6:9), which Paul neither quashed completely nor commanded, writing that the gift would cease (1Cor. 13:8-13) as love continued forever but also that he exercised it more than anyone (1Cor. 14:18), thereby causing confusion. [Thanks Paul! :^]

This confusion and apparent contradiction can be resolved by noting that if SIT were important it would be mentioned and even commanded in other epistles, so the absence of affirming SIT in other Pauline epistles speaks volumes. Thus, whenever SIT is claimed,
it is right to test whether it is genuine or pagan (1Thes. 5:21).

Certainly, if someone suddenly is enabled to speak an unlearned earthly language, that can be verified and considered miraculous,
but interpretation of babbling is impossible to verify. Thus, disagreement can continue regarding the occurrence of SIT in private prayer [for Edify], although there is no Scriptural warrant for viewing it as signifying Spirit filling rather than love (John 13:35, 1John 4:7-21).

I see that this information is still relevant:

Some people (“Actsists”) focus on events in Acts such as WB and glossolalia rather than on teachings in the epistles about faith/SB being what is essential (“Faithists”). The book of Acts does not teach foundational Christian doctrine but merely records what occurred during the early days of the church era as the revelation of GRFS transitioned from OT beliefs to the NT doctrine that is taught in the epistles, which never command WB or tongues as signs of SB or as essential for salvation.

The transition can be seen as occurring in Acts 16:31-34, where Paul told the jailer to believe in the Lord Jesus in order to be saved, NOT to believe and be WB in order to be saved. However, the jailer and others in his family who believed in God were WB. Then in Acts 17:30-34 Paul told the Athenians to repent, which some did, but whether they were WB is not mentioned. Then in Acts 19:1-6 Paul encountered some disciples of John who had been WB but had not been taught about SB, so they received SB when Paul placed his hands on them. Then in Acts 26:16-18, when Paul recounted his calling to King Agrippa, he quoted Jesus as saying, “I am sending you to open their eyes and turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God, so that they may receive forgiveness of sins and a place among those who are sanctified by faith in me.” WB was not mentioned, which continued to be the case in Paul’s epistles.

The foundation cited in 1Corinthisans 3:11 is Christ, referring to faith in Christ’s atonement (Rom. 3:12-5:1). Instructions about baptisms are mentioned in Hebrews 6:2, which logically, semantically, and mathematically had to be that WB is a sign or rite portraying a soul has been SB (Col. 2:12), since there is only one baptism (Eph. 4:5) into one body (Eph. 4:4, 1Cor. 12:13). This understanding was held by Christians generally until RC perverted it by practicing infant sprinkling, which was corrected by the Anabaptists during the Protestant Reformation.

By the last of Paul’s epistles, WB came to be understood as a good but non-essential work or rite, like physical circumcision, and the basis for believing folks are filled with the HS is reflecting God’s love for everyone (Matt. 22:37-40, 1John 4:7-21, John 13:35, Rom. 5:5, Gal. 5:6 & 22, etc.). Then, like now, the rite is performed as an apt way of portraying saving faith in the atonement of Christ, even though the work is not required, just as physical circumcision was not required for salvation either per Paul in Romans 3:21-5:1.

Regarding speaking in tongues (SIT), the original occurrence of SIT at Pentecost (in Acts 2:4-11) and for awhile longer was earthly languages given as a sign that fulfilled Joel 2:28-32 (cf. Isa. 28:11-12 cited in 1Cor.14:21), which reversed Babel and evangelized 3,000 people, thereby ensuring the planting of the first Christian church. However, by the time of its occurrence in the church at Corinth apparently it had morphed into mere pagan-like babbling (cf. Matt. 6:9), which Paul neither quashed completely nor commanded, writing that the gift would cease (1Cor. 13:8-13) as love continued forever but also that he exercised it more than anyone (1Cor. 14:18), thereby causing confusion.

This confusion and apparent contradiction can be resolved by noting that if SIT were important it would be mentioned and even commanded in other epistles, so the absence of affirming SIT in other Pauline epistles speaks volumes. Thus, whenever SIT is claimed, it is right to test whether it is genuine or pagan (1Thes. 5:21).

Certainly, if someone suddenly is enabled to speak an unlearned earthly language, that can be verified and considered miraculous, but interpretation of babbling is impossible to verify. Thus, disagreement can continue regarding the occurrence of SIT in private prayer, although there is no Scriptural warrant for viewing it as signifying Spirit filling rather than love (John 13:35, 1John 4:7-21).
 
A biblical hermeneutic or parameters for interpreting the Bible might well begin with the instruction of Paul (1Thes. 5:21) to “Test everything. Hold on to the good.” A truthseeker is guided by the question: What is most true or closest to the truth, especially the Truth of God’s Word? The method for discerning truth employs subjective logic that is made as objective as possible by learning from Scriptural and other truthseekers. As a result of seeking ultimate truth, I have come to value two NT teachings as key points from which to triangulate or use to guide an interpretation of the Bible, especially problematic statements.

First, God loves and wants to save everyone. Seven Scriptures teaching divine omnilove include: 1John 4:7-12, Rom. 5:8, Matt. 5:44&48, Gal. 5:6&14, Eph. 3:17b-19, Eph. 5:2 and 1Tim. 2:3-4, which might be deemed the “7 pearls”. Christ died to show God’s love and the possible salvation of all (Rom. 5:6-8) including His enemies: those who are ungodly, atheist, anti-Christ, pseudo-Christian (Matt. 7:21, John 8:42-44).

Second, God is just (2Thes. 1:6a, cf. Rom. 3:25-26 & 9:14, Deut. 32:4, Psa. 36:6, Luke 11:42, Rev. 15:3). Explanations of God’s Word should not impugn God’s justice and love for all people (Joel 2:13, John 3:16). This parameter is affirmed in the OT (Psa. 145:17): “The Lord is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works.”

Even the wrath of God is an expression of His love and justice. The writer of Hebrews (Heb. 12:4-11) indicates that divine wrath is intended as discipline for the purpose of teaching people to repent of their hatefulness and faithlessness (Pro. 3:12, Isa. 33:14-15 Rev. 3:19). If a righteous explanation cannot be found for a passage of Scripture purporting to describe God’s will (such as Joshua 6:17-24, 8:2&24 & 10:28-40, 11:6-23), then it should be considered as historical or descriptive of what people perceived rather than as pedagogical or prescriptive of God’s nature. Unrighteous rage should not be attributed to God.

The justice of God is a source of comfort and joy to those who have decided to accept His loving Lordship, but it is experienced as judgment or wrath by those who rebel against Him (Isa. 13:13, Rom. 1:18, Rev. 19:11). The fire that warms (purifies) also burns (punishes). Stating God’s requirement for salvation negatively: a person would do well (be wise) not to reject Him in order not to experience the miserable but just consequence (John 3:17-18). Just consequences teach good behavior.
 
Another important elements in this Bible-based hermeneutic is that everyone lives by fallible faith/belief/opinion and sufficient knowledge of evidence rather than by absolute certainty or proof or coercion (2Cor. 5:7), so humility is needed. A logical train of thought leads an unbiased truthseeker to have a propensity to believe in an all-loving God, who is not tricky and does not hide the way to heaven (Heb. 11:6, Acts 13:10).

Humanity’s understanding of God evolved or progressed through the centuries until the OT was superseded by the NT, which is the apex of divine revelation (Heb. 7:18, 8:13, 9:15).

This hermeneutic seeks to harmonize all truth as taught by Paul (in 1Thes. 5:21), exemplified by Jesus (in Matt. 4:6-7) and illustrated by the transparent overlays of bodily systems found in some books on anatomy. Considering all sides of an issue or doctrine is called dialectical or systematic theology.

An interpreter should want to include all true assertions in the picture of reality without making a “Procrustean Body” by cutting off or ignoring parts that do not seem to fit, because the correct understanding must be self-consistent or else God would be tricky. The whole truth combines parts without sawing!
 
Harmonizing all truth/GW requires the following:

1. Employing "both-and" thinking or reasoning rather than "either-or" when it is helpful and does not contradict obvious moral teachings.

2. Preferring synonyms over antonyms when logically and morally possible (no false equivalence).

3. Striving for agreement regarding the essential issue (God's requirement for salvation) instead of being quick to quarrel.

4. Triangulating from undebatable doctrines in order to interpret problematic passages.

What else? (Examples furnished upon request.)
 
For weeks I have been sharing my belief that water baptism replaced physical circumcision in the NT church,
and just now I ran across the Scripture which indicates this: Colossians 2:11-12,

"In Christ you were also circumcised, in the putting off of the sinful nature,
not with a circumcision done by the hands of men but with the circumcision done by Christ,
having been buried with him in baptism and raised with him through your faith
in the power of God, who raised him from the dead."
 
How to put off the sinful nature and be baptized by God's HS was a mystery until Paul's enlightenment,
and hermeneutics seeks to harmonize the OT and NT in accordance with the TOJ and TOP, which are summarized
by the Gospel kerygma or Christian creed:

The normative way of stating the kerygma/GRFS in the NT is “Accept Christ Jesus as Lord” (as in 2Cor. 4:5 & Col. 2:6). The main points of Christian orthodoxy implicit in this statement can be explained or elaborated as in the following creed:
  1. There is a/one all-loving and just Lord or Creator God (Deut. 6:4, John 3:16, 2Thes. 1:6), who is both able (2Tim. 1:12) and willing (1Tim. 2:3-4, Ezek. 33:11) to provide all morally accountable human beings salvation or heaven—a wonderful life full of love, joy and peace forever.
  2. Human beings are selfish or sinful (Rom. 3:23, 2Tim. 3:2-4, Col. 3:5), miserable (Gal. 5:19-21), and hopeless (Eph. 2:12) or hell-bound at the judgment (Matt. 23:33 & 25:46) when they reject God’s salvation (John 3:18, Rom. 2:5-11).
  3. Jesus is God’s Messiah/Christ and incarnate Son, the way that God has chosen (John 3:16, Acts 16:30-31, Phil. 2:9-11) of providing salvation by means of his atoning death on the cross for the payment of the penalty for the sins of humanity (Rom. 3:22-25 & 5:9-11), followed by his resurrection to reign in heaven (1Cor. 15:14-28).
  4. Thus, every person who hears the NT Gospel needs to repent and accept God’s grace or justification in Jesus as Christ/Messiah the Lord or Supreme Commander (Luke 2:11, John 14:6, Acts 16:31), at which moment God’s loving Holy Spirit of Christ indwells/baptizes the believer into the church (Rev. 3:20, Rom. 5:5, 1Cor. 12:13).
  5. Loving Christ Jesus as Lord (Luke 2:11), God the Son (Matt. 16:16) or God in the human dimension (Col. 2:9) means reflecting divine love as empowered by the Holy Spirit, thereby obeying His command to love one another (Matt. 7:21, 22:37-40, John 13:35, Rom. 13:9)—forever (Matt. 10:22, Psa. 113:2), which will eventually achieve spiritual maturity on earth and heaven after Christ returns at God’s resurrection (John 14:6, 17&26, Rom. 8:6-17, Gal. 6:7-9, Eph. 1:13-14, Phil. 3:12-16, Heb. 10:36, 12:1, Jam. 1:2-4).
 
Harmonizing the OT and NT is done in Hebrews 7:18-10:1,
which can be summarized as teaching that the NT fulfills and supersedes the OT.
 
Harmonizing the OT and NT is done in Hebrews 7:18-10:1,
which can be summarized as teaching that the NT fulfills and supersedes the OT.

Let is examine how Hebrews applies or employs "both-and" thinking/reasoning rather than "either-or".

Heb. 3:1-6 praises Moses for being a faithful servant who testified to the future new revelation of Jesus Christ.
Similarly, Heb. 6:13 & 7:11-22 indicate that God's promise to Abraham would be fulfilled by many future descendants
when the Levitical regulations were set aside and a better hope introduced guaranteed by Jesus.
Again, Heb. 8:5-13 teaches that the OT tabernacle served to foreshadow the better promise of heaven (cf. Heb. 9:1-10).
IOW, the new covenant does not condemn the old covenant for being incorrect, but rather it succeeds and builds on it.

The synthesis of this both-and logic is found in Heb. 8:13, which says that the new covenant supersedes or makes obsolete
the old covenant, including the ceremonial washings (baptisms). The synthesis continues in Heb. 9:11-28, which teaches
that Christ mediated a new covenant by dying as a ransom to set sinners free from--or obtain forgiveness for--the penalty
of the sins committed under the old covenant, but this was a "once for all" act at the end of the ages, and Christ will appear
again to bring salvation for those who believe in his atonement.
 
The gift of harmonizing required by a Biblical hermeneutic is akin to the gift of peacemaking blessed by Jesus
in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5:9), which is the opposite of the spirit of divisiveness condemned by Paul
in his epistles (1Cor. 1:10-13, 3:3, 11:18, 12:25, Tit. 3:10) that is manifested by being quarrelsome (1Cor. 3:3,
1Tim. 3:3, 6:4, 2Tim. 2:14&23-24, cf. Jam. 4:1-2).

Therefore, in our discussions on CC may we do our best to accentuate the positive points of agreement
as we eliminate elements of unclarity by interpreting Scripture with Scripture as much as possible,
following the example of Jesus (in Matt. 4:6-7) and commended by Paul (in 1Cor. 4:6, 10:11, 2Tim. 3:15-17).
 
Regarding hermeneutics or the proper interpretation of Scripture, let us note that there is a fine line
between eisegesis and insight.

For example, when Paul interprets Genesis 15:6 ("Abram believed the Lord,
and He credited it to him as righteousness"), he connected it with statements in Genesis (Gen. 12:3, 18:18 & 22:18)
that "all peoples on earth will be blessed through you".

Again, Paul connects "The righteous will live by faith" (Hab. 2:4) with "Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do
everything written in the Book of the Law" (Deut. 27:26). Insight or eisegesis?

Let us be quick to commend and accentuate insightful eisegesis when what the interpreter wants to see
is inspired by the HS!
 
I view hermeneutics or interpreting GW in part as harmonizing Scripture regarding various topics, and thus I am concerned with the debate between tulipists and MFWers on CC, which will be resolved only when folks understand how to harmonize the two veins of verses that are cited by each group, so let us attempt to do so.

Tulipists typically cite the following Biblical passages regarding the T in TULIP for total depravity: Rom. 3:10-12/Psa. 14:1-3 = 53:1-3,
1Cor. 2:14, 2Cor. 4:3-4, Jer. 17:9a, Eph. 2:1, 4:17-19, Matt. 13:13/Isa. 6:9-10, Ezek. 36:26, Mark 7:21-23, John 3:19, 6:44&63-65.

How can these be harmonized with those passages cited by MFWers for indicating the opposite?
 
No takers? (Then "I will", said the little red hen.)
Regarding Rom. 3:10-12, here is the context.

1. Romans 1:16 says the Gospel reveals that (s/e) is for “everyone who believes”, both Jew and Gentile.

2. Romans 1:17 describes s/e as “righteousness from God” that is by faith “from first to last” or from creation until the end.

3. Romans 2:4 teaches that God’s kindness or patience with sinners is meant to lead them toward repentance, which implies that sinners are able to repent because of God’s leading.

4. Romans 2:5 warns that those who do not repent but instead stubbornly resist God’s leading are storing up wrath against themselves for the day when God’s righteous judgment will be revealed, which implies that God enables sinners to repent–or not (cf. Deut. 30:19).

5. Romans 2:6 affirms what is called karma by saying that “God will give to each person according to what he has done”, which (in Gal. 6:7-9) is called reaping what a person sows.

6. Romans 2:7 speaks of the need for “persistence in doing good” and seeking glory, honor and immortality in order to receive s/e or eternal life, which echoes what Jesus commanded (in Matt. 7:7) and connects with the doctrine of perseverance (cf. Heb. 10:36 & Jam. 1:3-4).

7. Romans 2:11 teaches that “God does not show favoritism” (cf. Eph. 6:9, Col. 3:25, 1Pet. 1:17), which is how God judges people justly, so the fact that some sinners ignore God’s Gospel indicates that His will or leading is resistible because of MFW.

8. Romans 2:15 teaches that sinful souls have a conscience or awareness of “the requirements of the law”, which may be combined with Romans 1:20 to teach that God’s power and moral nature or will may be perceived via creation and conscience (called natural revelation), thus those unfamiliar with God’s Word in Scripture have no good reason for resisting divine leading and choosing atheism/evil.

9. Romans 3:20-21 states the law makes souls conscious of sin and that “the Law and Prophets testify” or prepare the way for the new revelation of righteousness from God apart from the Law, which takes up where Romans 1:17 left off.

10. Romans 3:22a says that “righteousness from God” or s/e comes through faith “in Jesus Christ” (cf. Eph. 2:8), a phrase Paul used eleven times in Ephesians 1:3-14 to indicate s/e.

11. Romans 3:22b says that God’s righteousness is given “to all who believe—there is no difference”” signifying that all sinners may believe or be s/e (cf. 1Tim. 2:3-4, John 3:16, Tit. 2:11), because there is no favoritism (#7).

12. Romans 3:23 teaches that “all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God”, meaning that no one can be good enough to earn salvation because of their own merit.

13. Romans 3:24 says sinners “are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus” (via faith per v.22, cf. 3:27-28); s/e is free because Christ paid the price/cost.

14. Romans 3:25a explains redemption as being “a sacrifice of atonement” for those who have faith in Christ’s work of dying in their place.

15. Romans 3:25b further explains that God demonstrated his just patience (#3) or forbearance in leaving unpunished those sins committed before the revealing of the Gospel (foreshadowed in Gen. 22:8 & 13), implying that sinners had/have the opportunity to believe and be s/e thereby demonstrating God’s justice/not showing favoritism (#11).

16. Romans 3:26 continues to emphasize divine justice by declaring it three ways (“justice…, just…, justifies”), which justness is synonymous with righteousness (2Thes. 1:5-6, Heb. 6:10).

Thus, we see that interpreting Rom. 3:10-12 as teaching sinners are totally depraved, meaning unable to be saved, is wrong,
because the context indicates that it means everyone is a sinner who needs to repent and accept Christ. MFWers would cite
Rom. 2:11 as a counterpoint verse indicating that God graces all depraved people or sinners with the opportunity to be saved.
This is the harmonization (Rom. 3:23-24).

Next?
 
The next Scripture is 1 Cor. 2:14, "The person without the Spirit does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of God but considers them foolishness, and cannot understand them because they are discerned only through the Spirit."

As we consider the context for help with interpreting this verse, we notice that--unlike Romans, which begins by discussing salvation and explains the Gospel through chapter 11--1Corinthians begins by addressing those who have already believed the Gospel and received the Holy Spirit, discussing how the church should function through chapter 14. The Gospel is mentioned in 1Cor. 1:21-24, saying that God was pleased to save those who believe, but indicating that believers are those whom God has called, which allows the problematic understanding that God might not call everyone. However, 1Cor. 15:1-11 clarifies what is meant by saying "by this Gospel you are saved, if you hold firmly to the word I preached to you. Otherwise, you have believed in vain." If those who are called to believe may not persevere, the logical implication is that their initial belief also was a free decision.

Thus, we see that interpreting 1Cor. 2:14 as teaching sinners without the Spirit are not able to repent and be saved is wrong,
because the context indicates that souls may be saved by converting from atheism to faith in Christ and must remain converted.
MFWers would cite 1Cor. 15:1-2 as a counterpoint verse showing that God graces all people without the Spirit with the opportunity to be saved by hearing the Gospel and receiving the Spirit.

Does anyone who sees how hermeneutics works want to take the lead in discussing the next passage, 2Cor. 4:3-4?
 
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