Yes, Jesus condensed the Ten Commandments by summarizing them with the new commandment or law of love per JN 13:34 & 15:12.
The fourth commandment was part of the Sabbatarian and sacrificial system that was "set aside" by a new "better hope" per HB 7:18 (cf. 8:7-13, 9:1, 15 &10:1).
Jesus reaffirmed the moral commandments, and Paul said in CL 2:16-17, "Do not let anyone judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a religious festival, a New Moon celebration or a Sabbath day. These [the Mosaic sacrificial system] are a shadow of the things that were to come [the New Covenant]; the reality, however, is found in Christ."
Lets take a closer look at the Old Covenant verses the New Covenant.
The Ten Commandments
are the words of the old Covenant
Exo 34:28 So he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights; he neither ate bread nor drank water. And He wrote on the tablets
the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments.
God said He would
not alter His words
Psa 89:34 My covenant I will not break,
Nor alter the word that has gone out of My lips.
Its why the New Covenant is established on
better promises Heb 8:6 not established on new laws as most erroneously teach. It still has
God's law now written in the heart
Heb 8:10 established on better promises, not altering the words of the covenant because God cannot lie.
Heb 6:18
God would have never made a new covenant had the people not broke the old one, so its not like He changed His mind about His laws, not at all.
Hebrews 8:7 For if that first
covenant had been faultless,
then no place would have been sought for a second. 8
Because finding fault with them, He says: “Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah— 9 not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt
; because they did not continue in My covenant, and I disregarded them, says the Lord. 10 For this
is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put My laws in their mind and write them on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.
Because God loves us so much instead not being in a covenant relationship with His people He established a new covenant based on better promises.
The old covenant was based on the people doing
Exo 19:8 Then all the people answered together and said, “
All that the Lord has spoken we will do.” So Moses brought back the words of the people to the Lord.
Who is the one doing in the New Covenant
Heb 8:10 For this
is the covenant that
I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord:
I will put My laws in their mind and
write them on their hearts; and
I will be their God, and they shall be My people.
By our love and cooperation with God, He is the one doing now
John 14: 15 “If you love Me, keep My commandments. 16
And I will pray the Father,
and He will give you another Helper, that He may abide with you forever— 17 the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees Him nor knows Him; but you know Him, for He dwells with you and will be in you. 18 I will not leave you orphans; I will come to you.
Sadly most think this is "not good enough" but its huge, having God help us obey Him through the promise of the Holy Spirit instead of trying to on our own efforts. That is a much better promise and why the New Covenant is established on better promises, but if we are not subject to God's law we are an enmity to God
Rom 8:7-8. Its one thing to slip and fall and ask for forgiveness and to help change our direction, but its another not to even recognize one of God's commandments that He personally wrote and personally spoke that are part of the
words of the covenant- the one He said Remember.
Hebrews 7:18 is referring to the priesthood, not the Ten Commandments. Please read the whole chapter in its context.
Heb 4:11 Therefore,
if perfection were through the Levitical priesthood (for under it the people received the law),
what further need was there that another priest should rise according to the order of Melchizedek, and not be called according to the order of Aaron? 12
For the priesthood being changed, of necessity there is also a change of the law. 13
For He of whom these things are spoken belongs to another tribe, from which no man has [
b]officiated at the altar.
14
For it is evident that our Lord arose from Judah, of which tribe Moses spoke nothing concerning [c]priesthood. 15 And it is yet far more evident if, in the likeness of Melchizedek, there arises another priest 16 who has come, not according to the law of a fleshly commandment, but according to the power of an endless life. 17 For [
d]He testifies:
“You
are a priest forever
According to the order of Melchizedek.”
18
For on the one hand there is an annulling of the former commandment because of its weakness and unprofitableness, (of the Levitical priesthood, the context)19 for the law made nothing [
e]perfect; on the other hand,
there is the bringing in of a better hope, through which we draw near to God.
20 And inasmuch as
He was not
made priest without an oath 21 (for they have become priests without an oath, but He with an oath by Him who said to Him:
“The Lord has sworn
And will not relent,
‘You
are a priest [
f]forever
According to the order of Melchizedek’ ”),
22 by so much more Jesus has become a [
g]surety of a better covenant.
23 Also there were many priests, because they were prevented by death from continuing. 24
But He, because He continues forever, has an unchangeable priesthood. 25 Therefore He is also able to save [
h]to the uttermost those who come to God through Him, since He always lives to make intercession for them.
26 For such a High Priest was fitting for us,
who is holy, [
i]harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and has become higher than the heavens; 27
who does not need daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His own sins and then for the people’s, for this He did once for all when He offered up Himself. 28
For the law appoints as high priests men who have weakness, but the word of the oath, which came after the law, appoints the Son who has been perfected forever.
The bible is not meant to be read, it is meant to be prayerfully studied and context is so important. There is a real spiritual war out there and the devil is doing everything in his power to lead people astray. God's Word is to be the light to our path Psa 119:105 and while its easy to listen to popular teachings of man, if it doesn't line up with the bible its dangerous. Only God's Truth sets us free. Every time we start believing a lie its puts us in the devils captivity.
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