Paul gives praise to God for all the spiritual blessings he has poured out upon his people, v3-14. i] God be praised. Paul opens by praising God for the wonderful blessings that were given to the saints / Jewish believers (blessings which Gentiles similarly share as members of Christ). These blessings are every "spiritual" blessing and they are experienced in the "heavenly realms". Seeing that we are in a relationship with Christ, we are in a sense, spiritually one with him in the heavenly realms, while still being part of the earthly realm. This verse serves as a summary introduction to the eulogy.
euloghtoV adj. "praise be to" - blessed be. Fronted for emphasis. The verb to-be is assumed, either optative = a wish prayer, or imperative, "let be ...", or indicative, "is praised / blessed. Possibly "worthy of praise / blessing."
"Father" - [the god and] father. "Father" is without an article, joined to "the God" by kai indicating they are one in the same.
tou kuriou (oV) gen. "of [our] Lord" - of the lord. The genitive is adjectival, relational.
hJmwn gen. pro. "our" - of us [jesus christ]. The genitive is adjectival, also probably expressing subordination; "Lord Jesus Christ over us", Larkin.
oJ euloghsaV (eulogew) aor. part. "who has blessed" - the one having blessed, praised. The participle serves as a substantive, standing in apposition to "the God and Father." The eulogy gives praise to God on the ground of his blessings to us.
hJmaV "us" - There is debate over whether Paul includes his readers in the "us". It is likely that the "us" are Jewish believers, or even the apostles. In v13 his readers, "you", are included in the blessings, in that the Gentiles get to share in the blessings poured out on God's historic people. The Gentiles are "included in Christ", along with God's chosen people Israel.
en + dat. "with" - in/with [all/every spiritual blessing]. Adverbial use of the preposition, expressing reference / respect; "with respect to." The blessing is "spiritual". "Spiritual blessings" means those elements of life that are ours in our association with the Spirit, as outlined in verses 3-14.
en + dat. "in" - Local; expressing space / sphere.
toiV epouranioiV adj. "the heavenly realms" - the heavenlies. The adjective serves as a substantive. Numerous definitions have been suggested for "the heavenlies", eg., "the sphere of the blessings which are related to the Spirit", Lincoln. Some argue that it is another word for heaven, but this is very unlikely. It seems more likely that the term refers to the "spiritual sphere of influence" touching both earth and heaven. Spiritual forces, both good and evil, exist within its sphere: see 3:10, also 1:20, 2:6, 6:12.
en Cristw/ "in Christ" - The preposition en is locative / incorporative union, the prepositional phrase again serving to modifying the verb "blessed" - the spiritual blessings which come to us through our incorporation in Christ, by grace through faith.
v4
ii] Election and adoption to sonship, v4-6. In these three verses, Paul identifies the first spiritual blessing: Set apart / called / elected / predestined as a holy people, God like, Christ like. The people of Israel were elected to sonship, chosen to be holy and blameless in the sight of God, "to the praise of his glorious grace."
kaqwV "for" - as, just as. The NIV reads the conjunction as causal, "because", although an epexegetic / explanatory sense seems better. "God has blessed us in that he has ......."
exelexato (eklegw) aor. "he chose" - he chose out, selected [us]. The aorist tense may indicate a single act, but not necessarily. The first element of God's kindness, his blessing, is the divine election of a people. Commentators with a reformed leaning tend to argue for an individual sense to the blessing of predestination. Yet, it is likely that a corporate sense is intended in that God chose Abraham and through his seed (ultimately Christ) he gathered an eternally secure people to himself. Today, a person is incorporated into this chosen people, this new Israel, through faith in Christ.
en + dat. "in" - in [him]. Local, space, metaphorical / incorporative union, probably "in Christ." Through our incorporation in Christ we are the elect people of God.
pro + acc. "before" - Here adverbial, temporal. Both this prepositional phrase, and "in him", modify the verb "to choose."
kosmou (oV) gen. "[the creation] of the world" - [foundation (also deposit, sowing in the sense of conception)] of world. The genitive is adjectival, possessive, "the world's creation", but possibly objective. God's choice of a people, including his determination of a how a person can join with this people (namely, by grace mediated on the basis of the faithfulness of Christ appropriate through faith), was made "before the creation."
einai "to be" - [for us] to be. The infinitive is adverbial, expressing purpose; "in order that we may be ...... The accusative subject of the infinitive is hJmaV, "we".
J.