How do you interpret "justified by works?" (James 2:24)
Hello Dan,
That verse will no doubt result in many different interpretations, here's mine.
Good works come after justification/salvation/imputed/righteousness/Holy Spirit indwelling/baptism.
James message is that the eveidence of true faith, will result in good works.
James uses the examples of Abraham & Rahab to illustrate their obedience was a result of their faith. They were as everyone else, EVER, saved by grace thru faith (Rom 5:1,2,9) void of personal works Eph 2:8-9). Their works were eveidence of their faith.
Additionally, James is written to the "twelve tribes". Before the council at jerusalem where Jewish Church elders except Pauls Grace message that included gentiles.
The OP cites the gentile Holy Spirit outpouring & scripture clearly proclaims. They were saved by Faith & Faith alone! With ZERO personal works needed/involved.
Acts 10:
44 While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who were listening to the message [confirming God’s acceptance of Gentiles].
(MY NOTE: As Peter spoke, those hearing believed)
45 All the circumcised believers who came with Peter were amazed, because the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles
(MY NOTE: Thru faith alone, regeneration/Christ's salvation sealing/eternal life giving Holy Spirit (2 Cor 1:22, 5:5, 2 Tim 1:14, Eph 4:30) was & is given!)
Rom 4:5 However, to the one who does not work but trusts ""God who justifies the ungodly" their faith is credited as righteousness
(MY NOTE: GOD justifies the ungodly, it's a persons FAITH/TRUST in Christ" work, whereby GOD imputes/declares them righteous).
Rom 1:5 "Through him we received grace" & apostleship "to call all the Gentiles to the obedience" "that comes from faith" for his name’s sake.
(MY NOTE: We access God's grace thru faith (Rom 5:1-2). Faith placed in Christ's sin atining work. Obedience/good works are a result of one's faith)
Godly works come after & a result of true Faith.
Rom 16:26 but now revealed and made known through the prophetic writings by the command of the eternal God, ""so that all the Gentiles might come to the obedience"" ""that comes from faith""
(MY NOTE: Obedience/good works are a result of true Faith)
The fruit of faith is obedience/good works!
Grace & righteousness are Gifts from God (Rom:15-17). A gift is given not earned. Best wishes, JJ