Because He was picturing a time of judgment for which there is no rest. I don't think the teaching was specifically for them but a general teaching delivered to them.
Hebrews 9
15For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance—now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant.
16In the case of a will, it is necessary to prove the death of the one who made it, 17because a will is in force only when somebody has died; it never takes effect while the one who made it is living. 18This is why even the first covenant was not put into effect without blood.
So after the new covenant was established, that is after after the death of Jesus, Christians were still keeping the Sabbath. Most scholars would say the book of Luke was written some 30 years after the death of Christ and Luke referred to the Sabbath as a commandment. Luke would have known if the Sabbath was still a commandment, or not, but he referred to it as such.
Luke 23
55The women who had come with Jesus from Galilee followed Joseph and saw the tomb and how his body was laid in it. 56Then they went home and prepared spices and perfumes. But they rested on the Sabbath in obedience to the commandment.
So wouldn't that place the Sabbath as a commandment in the new covenant as well as the other 9 commandments?
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