Hi Lachlan,
Thank you for posting about this!
I can only speak from my experience with Holt International Children's Services. One of the reasons I believe in their programs is because I am a product of it (I was adopted through this organization) and have talked to other adoptees and families who were united because of Holt.
Holt openly states that its main objective is to try to keep families together, but when that isn't possible, they try to seek an adoption for the child within their birth country, and if that isn't possible, they then work towards the possibility of intercountry adoption.
Holt's Sponsorship program (in my experience) is usually for children whom they are trying to keep with their birth families, and/or children who aren't eligible for adoption, and/or have health issues/disabilities that require specialized care.
One of the things I really like about their program is that it is not an eternal handout. When you start a sponsorship, Holt will send you information about the child you're sponsoring and the goals Holt has for that child (things such as school enrollment, helping family members get better jobs, etc.) Once the goals are met within the parameters of the program, they move on to help another child. Now of course, this might take a long time. Some of my sponsorships have lasted for years (and are still continuing), while some only lasted a few months -- and Holt will give you the option to end your sponsorship or transfer it to another child. One child I have been sponsoring for some time is "too old" to be adopted (16) and is deaf, so Holt's current goal for this child's sponsorship is to receive a complete education at the only deaf school available there.
Of course, nothing is foolproof. One of things I admire most about Holt is that they are one of the few organizations that has been allowed to donate supplies to orphans in North Korea, which is unheard of.
However, last I heard, it's a situation in which Holt volunteers meet with North Korean representatives at the border and give them the donated supplies. Who knows if the supplies actually make it to the kids, but once the packages leave Holt's care, it's out of their jurisdiction.
I was once part of a group that sent a large care package to a missionary from my church who was in the Ukraine, but he never received it. I was told that most like, it was intercepted by customs officers who had taken the contents for themselves, whether for their own families or to sell for profit.
Unfortunately, there will always be corruption somewhere along the line. For myself, all I can do is keep praying and trying to help, while believing that God will take care of what happens along the way.
Welcome to CC, and God bless you for caring about this issue!