This phrase pertains to the city of Jerusalem and the land of Palestine. God gave the land of Canaan to the twelve tribes of Israel through the Abrahamic Covenant. But He also laid down the terms and conditions for their occupation in the Old Covenant.
Since Israel failed to do what they were commanded, God allowed Gentiles to destroy Jerusalem and the temple around 600 BC. The times of the Gentiles began at that time, and will continue until the Second Coming of Christ. Jerusalem will then be cleansed, redeemed, and restored, and will become an eternal city under God and Christ after than. There are many Scriptures which support this truth.