Interesting/ thoughtful deliberation.
I am not trying to foul up the works with the question but the answer lies just a bit beyond the main detail noted in ;
Jer 3:8 NIV I gave faithless Israel her certificate of divorce and sent her away because of all her adulteries. Yet I saw that her unfaithful sister Judah had no fear; she also went out and committed adultery.
So, we know when the kingdom of Israel (all 13 tribes) were divided after Solomon died, the one kingdom split into two kingdoms; North and South. The Northern "Kingdom of Israel" and the Southern "Kingdom of Judah". After some time, God gave the Northern Kingdom a writ of divorcement and sent them out of His house. The Northern kingdom of Israel refused to obey her Husband (God), think Covenant, so He had Hosea do the legal paperwork for the divorce. He then had the Assyrians remove her out of His house.
So, The Northern Kingdom of Israel, made up of Reuben, Simeon, Part of Levi, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun and Manasseh and Ephraim who were adopted by Jacob and essentially are called out in place of Joseph....were they under covenant after the divorce? No. However the southern Kingdom of Judah was. That Kingdom was made up of Judah, Benjamin and part of Levi. This was the status when Jesus was here.
Understanding this is important.
Who were the lost sheep? The Northern Tribes
Who was the prodigal son? Judah was the brother who was jealous, who was with Him always.
Who did Jesus come for? The lost sheep of the House of Israel.
The implications of this detail in many of the issues in the NT are immense.
Who were the treasure hidden in the field (the world)?
There are also implications in the OT Law which God will not violate; such as when a man divorces a wife and she remarries he may never marry her again!
So how, under what conditions may God remarry the Northern Kingdom of Israel whom He divorced and who took other gods (remarried)?