Meant to say Rev 14, not 12 in my previous post towards the end.
Let's discuss the meaning of these harvests in Rev 14:
The fact that the Son of Man and the angels in the above verses are all holding sickles hints at the fact that the events described above may have transpired during the harvest months. The major Jewish holidays coincided with the various harvests. Passover was during the barley harvest. Pentecost occurred during the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Tabernacles, during the grape harvest. The fact that Jesus and the angels from the Temple are holding sickles points to both the barley and wheat harvests. Both barley and wheat were harvested with a sickle. The barley harvest began around Passover, in the middle of Nisan. The wheat harvest began in Sivan around Pentecost. The grape harvest is also alluded to in v. 18. In Revelation 14:18 sickles are used by the angels to cut grape clusters from the vine. The fact that vs. 14-18 allude to both the grain and grape harvests implies that the heavenly events mentioned above took place sometime around Nisan at the start of the barley harvest and ended around Tishri during the grape harvest. The events of vs. 14-18 are also mentioned in Revelation 8:1-6 and Revelation 15:5-16:1. Not surprisingly, first century historians describe various supernatural events that seem to fulfill these verses during the months of the grain and grape harvests at the start of the Jewish War in A.D. 66. It, therefore, does not appear to be a coincidence that the Jews began their revolt against Rome during the barley harvest in A.D. 66, and the Roman offensive under Cestius began at the start of the grape harvest that same year. Thus it is not surprising that the Bible also refers to the end of the age as a harvest in Matthew 13:39:
“The harvest is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels.”
The presence of God also called the
Shekinah or Glory Cloud was believed to be ever present in the Most Holy Place of the Temple above the Ark of the Covenant according to Exodus 25:22. Whenever God revealed himself to Israel, He often did so in the Glory Cloud as is the case in Exodus 3:2, Exodus 13:21, Exodus 19:16-19, Deuteronomy 4:11-14, 2 Samuel 22:8-15, 1 Kings 19:11-13, Psalm 18:6-16, Psalm 50:3, Psalm 97:1-5 and Psalm 144:5, Isaiah 66:15-16 and Ezekiel 1. While amidst the Glory Cloud, God was believed to be present in the company of angelic beings according to Deuteronomy 33:2 and Ezekiel 1. Similarly, Jesus said that He would come on the clouds of heaven in the presence of the angelic host during the second coming according Matthew 16:27, Mark 8:38 and Jude 14-15. The expression
“coming on the clouds of heaven” is, of course, a direct allusion to the coming of Christ in the Glory Cloud as God had done so often in Old Testament history. Therefore, the fact that Christ said that He would come on the clouds of heaven is also an implicit statement of divinity since the Glory Cloud is the quintessential sign of the presence of God. Thus this appearance of Christ coming on the literal clouds of the Glory Cloud is the ultimate manifestation of divine glory. We see that the return of Christ's presence which had been absent, is identical to when God was present in the OT.
In Revelation 14:14, Jesus is shown sitting on the clouds during His second coming. Though Jesus’ human-like appearance was visible one month earlier amidst the fiery angelic army in the sky during the part of the second coming described in detail in Rev 19, Jesus’ human-like form would not have been visible here. Just as the substance of the Glory Cloud that guided the Israelites to the Promised Land in Exodus rendered God invisible to the people, Jesus once again pictured in the Glory Cloud in v. 14 would have also likely been invisible. God had come on the clouds in judgment several times in Old Testament history and each time God was seemingly invisible. This is because the Glory Cloud masked his likeness as it had in Exodus. (Though God is truly only visible to men in visions.) This point is clearest in Psalm 18:9-14. In Psalm 18, God parts the heavens and rides clouds so dark that they block out the light of his presence.
Though the Jews revolted against Rome during the Barley Harvest, the Roman Offensive Began at the Start of the Grape Harvest hence the Grape Harvest Symbolism in vs. 19-20. Far from depicting a Literal Flood of Blood, Revelation 14:20 portrays Jesus riding on His White Horse as He does in Revelation 19:11-15 shedding Blood up to the His Horse’s Bridle throughout Israel as He “treads the Winepress” in Judgment.
Now this is fascinating. Let's look at the last verse of Rev 14:
20 And the winepress was trampled outside the city, and blood came out of the winepress, up to the horses’ bridles, for one thousand six hundred furlongs (Stadia).
1600 itinerary stadia is equivalent to 251.2 km, the exact length of the Jordan River!
Similar hyperbole is found in 2 Kings 21:16 and Ezekiel 32:6. In Ezekiel, Pharaoh is pictured as a sea monster dragged ashore by the Lord and killed. Concerning Pharaoh’s death Ezekiel 32:6 reads,
“I will drench the land with your flowing blood all the way to the mountains, and the ravines will be filled with your flesh.” Similar imagery is found in 2 Kings 21:16 which reads,
“Moreover, Manasseh shed very much innocent blood until he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another.” A nearly identical expression is found in Revelation 14:20. According to v. 20, the whole length of Israel “from one end to another” was filled with blood. 1,600 stadia is the exact length of the Jordan River and as such is an estimate of the length of Israel
“from one end to another.” Interestingly, Josephus also uses similar language to Ezekiel 32:6 and 2 Kings 21:16 in recording the fulfillment of Revelation 14:20:
“Galilee was all over filled with fire and blood.” And along these same lines concerning the excessively bloody aftermath of the Jewish War, the Talmud records the following claim: “For seven years did the nations of the world cultivate their vineyards with no other manure than the blood of Israel.”
Again in Matthew 13:39, Jesus says,
“The harvest is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels.” Though the Jews revolted against Rome during the barley harvest, the Roman offensive began at the start of the grape harvest. Under Cestius, Rome began its offensive during the Jewish War around the month of Tishri which was at the start of the grape harvest. This fact accounts for the grape harvest symbolism in vs. 19-20.
Here the destruction of Israel prior to the siege of Jerusalem is pictured as the crushing of grapes during the grape harvest. This symbolism is not without precedence: In this verse, as in Isaiah 5:7, Israel is symbolized as a vineyard; and as is the case in Lamentations 1:15, the slaughter of the Israelites is represented as grapes being crushed in a winepress. This imagery is clearly presented in Isaiah 63:1-3:
Who is this coming from Edom, from Bozrah, with his garments stained crimson? Who is this, robed in splendor, striding forward in the greatness of his strength? “It is I, proclaiming victory, mighty to save.” Why are your garments red like those of one treading the winepress? “I have trodden the winepress alone; from the nations no one was with me. I trampled them in my anger and trod them down in my wrath; their blood spattered my garments, and I stained all my clothing.
These verses are strikingly similar to the second coming as it is described in Revelation 19:11-15. In these verses Jesus again
strides on horseback with garments stained red with blood. His garments are red because He “treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty” in Revelation 19:15 as He had also done in Isaiah 63:3. He does this alone according to Isaiah 63:3 which explains why only Jesus’ garments are stained red in Revelation 19:13-14. The fact that blood reaches His horses’ bridle in Revelation 14:20 explains how Jesus’ garments had become stained red with blood in Revelation 19:13 while He sat atop his white horse. Therefore, far from depicting a literal flood of blood over Israel in the first century, Revelation 14:20 ultimately portrays Jesus coming in judgment on Israel as He rides on His white horse shedding blood up to His horse’s bridle as He
“treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty.”