Horatio Gates Spafford (1828–1888) was an American lawyer, businessman, and hymn writer, best known for penning "It Is Well with My Soul." Born in Troy, New York, he later moved to Chicago, where he established a successful legal practice and invested in real estate. Spafford was a devout Presbyterian and a supporter of evangelical causes, including the work of preacher Dwight L. Moody. His life was marked by profound tragedy, which inspired his famous hymn. In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed much of his real estate investments, causing significant financial loss. In 1873, he planned a family trip to Europe, but stayed behind in Chicago for business while his wife, Anna, and their four daughters sailed ahead. Their ship, the SS Ville du Havre, collided with another vessel and sank, killing all four daughters. Anna survived and sent Spafford a telegram with the words, "Saved alone." While sailing to join his grieving wife, Spafford wrote the hymn’s lyrics, reportedly inspired as he passed near the site of the shipwreck. Later, Spafford and his wife had three more children, though one died in infancy. In the 1880s, they moved to Jerusalem, where they founded the American Colony, a religious community focused on charitable work. The colony, initially controversial, became known for its humanitarian efforts, especially during times of hardship in the region. Spafford died in Jerusalem in 1888 of malaria and was buried there. His hymn, set to music by Philip Bliss, reflects his faith and resilience in the face of personal tragedy, drawing from his deep Christian beliefs.
Then WW1 broke out....then WW2.