Hi Gabe,
I was thinking a little more about this thread today. I don't know if any of this will help you, but here goes.
I know that when I was growing up in the Lutheran schools and church, I liked to ask a lot of questions similar to what you're asking here.
I was always told to "look at Job", and all he suffered, and how he didn't lose his faith. It seemed that this was always the go-to answer, at least at my church and school. Upset about the world today? "Look at Job, and all the evil he suffered!" Problems with your health or family? "Look at Job, he lost his family AND his health, and yet, he still followed God?" Stubbed your toe while walking into the classroom? "Look at Job! He didn't murmur or complain, he just gave thanks to God?"
It became obvious that the universal answer (at least in that community) was to "Look at Job".
And so, when I got to be a little older, I did something I don't think anyone ever thought I would actually do: I sat down and read the book of Job (and the rest of the Bible) for myself.
And do you know what I found? Job was human. Job didn't just sit there quietly the whole time, but indeed got upset, and though he kept his faith, he got so mad that at one point, he even cursed the day he was born. Job did not just piously thank God for every horrible thing that happened to him.
But the most curious thing I found is that if you look closely, Job's friends came and told him... All the exact same things that many Christian circles tell us today. His friends told him, "Who are you to question God? He is too wondrous for you to even speak of," and surely Job must have some hidden sin that was the cause for all this calamity. But Job flatly told them that they were "miserable counselors" and pretty much says, "If you don't have anything better to say, don't say anything to me at all."
Now of course, God actually does show up and is the one to say, "If you know so much, can YOU answer all the things I'm about to ask you?" BUT, curiously, in the end, God tells Job to pray FOR HIS FRIENDS, because God says that they have angered Him and "not said what was right about Me, as my servant Job has." I often puzzled over why God was angry with Job's friends, when they were telling him all the good, Christian things everyone else told me (and still tells us today.)
Could it be that it was because Job was honest with God about how he felt, rather than glossing his true feelings over with pious-sounding cliches? Did Job's friends actually have all the same questions he had, but felt it was better and "the spiritual thing to do" by telling Job he had no right to question God, when in their own hearts, maybe they were silencing their own questions?
I had to wonder if all those people who told me to "look at Job"... had actually ever read the book of Job themselves, or if I was misunderstanding everything I was reading.
My point here is that people, even those who were closest to God, have been questioning Him from the beginning of time, and while there are probably innumerable things we can't understand or never will in this life or ever, God never seems to tire of our questions, which is something I love most about Him.
The prophet Habakkuk asked many of the same questions you're asking, Gabe: "How long, Lord, must I call to You for help and You do not listen, or cry out to You about violence and You do not save? Why do You force me to look at injustice? Why do You tolerate wrongdoing? Your eyes are too pure to look on evil, and You cannot tolerate wrongdoing. So why do You tolerate those who are treacherous?" (Habakkuk 1: 2,3,13.)
And God tells Habakkuk (2:2-4) -- "Write down this vision, clearly inscribe it on tablets so one may easily read it. For the vision is yet for the appointed time; it testifies about the end and will not lie. Though it delays, wait for it, since it will certainly come and not be late."
God basically tells Habakkuk, "I know you don't see it, and I know you can't fully understand it, but I'm going to do something about this, and you just have to trust me that it will come at an appointed time."
And as for the little ones who suffer, Jesus Himself said that if anyone caused them to stumble, it would be "better for them to have a millstone tied around their neck and be thrown into the sea." (Matt. 18:6.)
God doesn't miss or overlook anything, Gabe. And He knows you are questioning Him with an honest heart, which seems to be a lot more important to God than telling Him what we are told is best to say.
Don't give up. God knows. Waiting for that "appointed time" when God will set things right sure seems like a bummer, but as Christians, we have faith that we know that day will eventually come, which is probably one of the reasons why He allows things to happen as they do. If we didn't see all the wrong this world does, we wouldn't be able to see the difference when God sets it right.
I've also heard that this world "is the closest to heaven an unbeliever will ever know, and for the believer, this is the closest to hell they will ever get."
I know the waiting seems horrible, Gabe. But please don't give up, and may God bless you as you seek Him and wait.