Miscellaneous Thoughts on the Exodus...
What Came First: The Chicken or the Egg?
Any honest interpreter of the Exodus account can see immediately that God's declaration to Moses re Pharaoh's heart chronologically (and logically) preceded Pharaoh's willingness to harden his own heart (cf. Ex 4: 21; 7:3) The first time the narrative mentions Pharaoh and/or his officials hardening their own hearts occurs in Ex 8:15, 32; 9:34. But very clearly the emphasis in the Exodus story is on God's role in hardening the kings's heart, so in addition to the two citations above, we have these passages as well: Ex 9:12; 10:1, 20, 27; 11:10; 14:4, 8, 17, Josh 11:20; Ps 105: 23-25. When we do the math we find 12 references to God's sovereign role to only 3 references to the king's subsequent response -- a whopping 4-1 ratio! Yes, Pharoah freely and willingly chose to be obstainate, stubborn and stiff-necked towards Israel as a result of God's eternal purpose for which He raised up the king. The fact that scripture three times attributes the conditon of the kings's heart to him himself is a clear biblical testimony to the seamless and subtle integration of Pharaoh's will with God's! The two wills were NEVER at odds with each other. They were totally compatible! God wrote and directed this actor's role on God's world stage, and this royal actor willingly played his part. The more restraining grace God removed from Pharaoh's heart, the more prideful, arrogant and self-willed the king became! The less divine, spiritual grace that functioned in Pharaoh's naturally evil heart, the more fleshly and wicked he became! This becomes very obvious after the king decided to chase the Israelites down with his army to the Red Sea -- and this in spite of all that he and his officials had witnessed first hand of God's awesome power when He unleashed all His plauges upon Egypt.
Of course, the Exodus story is an excellent illustration of the doctrine of God's sovereignty taught in Prov 21:1.
More on the Exodus account in a separate post....