Why Gold is Valuable (Proof of Work)
Despite the beneficial chemical properties of gold highlighted above, its real value comes from the difficulty of its acquisition. As
Joe Weisenthal stated in a speech from May 2018:
One of the striking things about gold is just how incredibly hard it is to attain (and hold onto once
you have it) and the different things you have to master to get gold.
To get gold you
— Have to be good at warfare
— Be able to marshall an extensive human workforce to mine it
— Mastery of global supply and logistics routes
— Be able to command guards who will watch your gold, and not steal it
— Have the technical know-how to get gold out of the ground, which is expensive and
cumbersome. And so on…
In other words, when you have gold you’re communicating all the different things you’re capable
of (mastering supply routes, commanding an army, scientific endeavor, marshalling labor, etc.)
Gold, then, is a very specific proof of work. If you can get gold, you’ve proven that you have the
ability to run a state or some state-like entity.
While you don’t need the ability to “run a state-like entity” today to acquire gold, the idea still holds. What made gold valuable historically (and what makes it valuable today) is not its explicit ownership (i.e. I have a rare, shiny piece of metal), but the
implicit message of that ownership (i.e. I have the skills/ability/resources
to acquire a rare, shiny piece of metal).
The best example I can provide to illustrate this is the history of aluminum. When aluminum was first discovered in the late 1700s,
it was initially more valuable than gold because of how difficult it was to obtain. In fact,
aluminum was used to cap the Washington Monument, when it was first completed in 1880.
However, as the refining process improved and aluminum extraction became easier, the once rare metal became much less rare. The increased availability of aluminum decreased its proof of work and, thus, reduced its value relative to gold. What started as the capstone to one of America’s most treasured landmarks eventually became the go-to container for sugar water.
This is the undeniable strength of proof of work. With it, you are admired and, without it, you are ignored. So goes the story of gold.
Now that we have discussed why gold is valuable to
society, let’s examine how gold might be valuable to
you.
When Gold Became an Investment
For most of modern history gold was used as a currency in some form or fashion. This is why
William Bernstein remarked that:
Because gold literally was money, there was no inherent gains to be made from owning it.
However, this all changed after the United States abandoned the gold standard in 1973 and allowed American citizens to, once again, privately own gold
in August 1974.
Since then, gold has increased in value from $156 an ounce to around $1,930 today (January 2023). Adjusting for inflation, gold has doubled its purchasing power since it was decoupled from the U.S. dollar: